Effects of electrospinning parameters on polyacrylonitrile nanofiber diameter: An investigation by response surface methodology

Yordem, Onur Sinan; Papila, Melih; Menceloǵlu, Yusuf́ Z.

doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2006.12.013

Cited by 293 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The variance in the fiber diameter is rather high and calls for a systematic study aiming for optimal process conditions of the minimal diameter and variance. A designof-experiments-based study similar to our earlier work (27) is also underway.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Chemistry of Electrospun Nanofibers and Interfaces in Nanocomposites for Superior Mechanical Properties

Özden

Menceloǵlu

Papila

2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The novelty of this work is based on designing the chemistry of the electrospun nanofibers, so that the resultant composites substantially benefit from cross-linking between the nanofibers and the polymer matrix. Specifically, the solution of in-house synthesized copolymers polystyrene-co-glycidyl methacrylate P(St-co-GMA) is electrospun to produce mats of surface reactive nanoto-submicron scale fibers that are accompanied later by spraying over the ethylenediamine (EDA) as a supplementary cross-linking agent for epoxy. The P(St-co-GMA)/EDA fiber mats are then embedded into an epoxy resin. Analysis of the three-point-bending mode of the composites reveals that the storage modulus of P(St-co-GMA)/EDA nanofiber-reinforced epoxy are about 10 and 2.5 times higher than that of neat and P(St-co-GMA) nanofiber-reinforced epoxy, respectively, even though the weight fraction of the nanofibers was as low as 2 wt %. The significant increase in the mechanical response is attributed to the inherently cross-linked fiber structure and the surface modification/chemistry of the electrospun fibers, that results in cross-linked polymer matrix-nanofiber interfacial bonding.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Chemistry of Electrospun Nanofibers and Interfaces in Nanocomposites for Superior Mechanical Properties

Özden

Menceloǵlu

Papila

2010

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…15 One of the challenges of the electrospinning technique is controlling material and process parameters that affect the various properties and characteristics, such as overall strength, fiber diameter, and morphology. 16 Electrospun polymeric nanofibers have recently been explored for their reinforcing ability in composites. 17−22 They were utilized to specifically enhance the matrix-dominated mechanical properties of cross-linked polymer−matrix composites.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MWCNTs/P(St-co-GMA) Composite Nanofibers of Engineered Interface Chemistry for Epoxy Matrix Nanocomposites

Özden-Yenigün

Menceloǵlu

Papila

2012

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Strengthened nanofiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composites are demonstrated by engineering composite electrospun fibers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reactive P(St-co-GMA). MWCNTs are incorporated into surfacemodified, reactive P(St-co-GMA) nanofibers by electrospinning; functionalization of these MWCNT/P(St-co-GMA) composite nanofibers with epoxide moieties facilitates bonding at the interface of the cross-linked fibers and the epoxy matrix, effectively reinforcing and toughening the epoxy resin. Rheological properties are determined and thermodynamic stabilization is demonstrated for MWCNTs in the P(St-co-GMA)-DMF polymer solution. Homogeneity and uniformity of the fiber formation within the electrospun mats are achieved at polymer concentration of 30 wt %. Results show that the MWCNT fraction decreases the polymer solution viscosity, yielding a narrower fiber diameter. The fiber diameter drops from an average of 630 nm to 460 nm, as the MWCNTs wt fraction (1, 1.5, and 2%) is increased. The electrospun nanofibers of the MWCNTs/P(St-co-GMA) composite are also embedded into an epoxy resin to investigate their reinforcing abilities. A significant increase in the mechanical response is observed, up to >20% in flexural modulus, when compared to neat epoxy, despite a very low composite fiber weight fraction (at about 0.2% by a single-layer fibrous mat). The increase is attributed to the combined effect of the two factors the inherent strength of the well-dispersed MWCNTs and the surface chemistry of the electrospun fibers that have been modified with epoxide to enable cross-linking between the polymer matrix and the nanofibers. KEYWORDS: electrospinning, composite nanofibers, surface modification, cross-linked interface, carbon nanotubes ■ INTRODUCTIONSince the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), 1 they have attracted a lot of attention in materials and applied research because of their unique and fascinating structure and properties. 2−6 One specific application is the use of CNTs in polymer fibers to impart dramatically enhanced strength and toughness in the fibers. 7−11 The incorporation of CNTs into the polymeric media via electrospinning, has been demonstrated to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the electrospun composite fibers. 7,12−14 It is recognized that this technique is an ideal route to translate the unique superior properties of CNTs to mesoand macroscale structures 7 by first embedding the CNTs in the fibers and then incorporating of these composite fibers into a polymer-matrix, successively.Electrospinning is widely used process for forming ultrafine fibers by electrostatically induced self-assembly. 15 One of the challenges of the electrospinning technique is controlling material and process parameters that affect the various properties and characteristics, such as overall strength, fiber diameter, and morphology. 16 Electrospun polymeric nanofibers have recently been explored for their reinforcing ability in composites. 17−22 They were utilized to spec...

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“…Thus, voltage influences fiber diameter, but the level of significance varies with the polymer solution concentration and on the distance between the tip and the collector [8,18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of polymeric nanofibers with different conditions of the electrospinning process

2017

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Nanofibers are materials that present high elasticity, strength, porosity and surface-area-to-volume ratio. The electrospinning method is the most widely adopted technique for forming polymeric nanofibers due to repeatability, easy scale-up process and production of long and continuous nanofibers. This method produces nanofibers with diameters ranging from 10 nm to 1000 nm. The process is regulated by many parameters which significantly affecting the morphology of the nanofibers, and through the proper handling of these parameters are obtained desired nanofibers in morphology and diameters. Based on this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the size and morphology of nanofibers obtained by different conditions of the electrospinning process. The electrospinning technique will be utilized to produce nanofibers with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer and solvent N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The polymer solutions (10% (w/v)) were injected through of the capillary with diameter 0.45; 0.55; 0.70 and 0.80 mm. The distances from the collector to the capillary were tested between 100 and 200 mm, voltage between 15 and 25 kV, and feed rate of the solution between 100 and 1000 µL/h. All of the tests were conducted at 22 °C with the relative humidity level controlled at 65±1%. The morphology and size of nanofibers were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thus, the development of nanofibers with small diameter and high pore volume facilitate bioactive molecules loading and / or transport of nutrients and wastes, and allow the polymeric nanofibers become important class of biomaterials.

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Effects of electrospinning parameters on polyacrylonitrile nanofiber diameter: An investigation by response surface methodology

Cited by 293 publications

References 26 publications

Engineering Chemistry of Electrospun Nanofibers and Interfaces in Nanocomposites for Superior Mechanical Properties

Engineering Chemistry of Electrospun Nanofibers and Interfaces in Nanocomposites for Superior Mechanical Properties

MWCNTs/P(St-co-GMA) Composite Nanofibers of Engineered Interface Chemistry for Epoxy Matrix Nanocomposites

Production of polymeric nanofibers with different conditions of the electrospinning process

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