Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 on nutrient dynamics: decomposition of leaf litter in trembling aspen and paper birch communities

Liu, Lingli; King, John S.; Giardina, Christian P.

doi:10.1007/s11104-007-9361-y

Cited by 24 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…However, there was a modest overall O 3 effect and elevated CO 2 did significantly reduce N conc for aspen in the mixed-species communities. These results are not surprising given similarly mixed findings in previous N conc measurements at Rhinelander FACE for CO 2 and O 3 effects in green foliage (Kopper and others 2001;Takeuchi and others 2001;Zak and others 2007) and leaf litter (Liu andothers 2007, Parsons andothers 2008). More consistent at Rhinelander FACE is the finding that N mass has been increased by elevated CO 2 and decreased by elevated O 3 (this study, Liu and others 2007;Zak and others 2007 A stimulation of N uptake by elevated CO 2 at Rhinelander FACE has also been observed for roots, stems, and branches (Zak and others 2007).…”

Section: Canopy Nitrogen Cyclingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Long-Term Leaf Production Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Tropospheric Ozone

Talhelm

Pregitzer

Giardina³

2011

Ecosystems

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Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO 2 and tropospheric O 3 will profoundly influence future forest productivity, but our understanding of these influences over the long-term is poor. Leaves are key indicators of productivity and we measured the mass, area, and nitrogen concentration of leaves collected in litter traps from 2002 to 2008 in three young northern temperate forest communities exposed to elevated CO 2 and/or elevated O 3 since 1998. On average, the overall effect of elevated CO 2 (+CO 2 and +CO 2 +O 3 versus ambient and +O 3 ) was to increase leaf mass by 36% whereas the overall effect of elevated O 3 was to decrease leaf mass by 13%, with similar effects on stand leaf area. However, there were important CO 2 9 O 3 9 year interactions wherein some treatment effects on leaf mass changed dramatically relative to ambient from 2002 to 2008. For example, stimulation by the +CO 2 treatment decreased (from +52 to +25%), whereas the deleterious effects of the +O 3 treatment increased (from -5 to -18%). In comparison, leaf mass in the +CO 2 +O 3 treatment was similar to ambient throughout the study. Forest composition influenced these responses: effects of the +O 3 treatment on community-level leaf mass ranged from +2 to -19%. These findings are evidence that community composition, stand development processes, CO 2 , and O 3 strongly interact. Changes in leaf nitrogen concentration were inconsistent, but leaf nitrogen mass (g m -2 ) was increased by elevated CO 2 (+30%) and reduced by elevated O 3 (-16%), consistent with observations that nitrogen cycling is accelerated by elevated CO 2 but retarded by elevated O 3 .

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Section: Canopy Nitrogen Cyclingsupporting

confidence: 70%

Long-Term Leaf Production Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Tropospheric Ozone

Talhelm

Pregitzer

Giardina³

2011

Ecosystems

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“…Although too early for definitive conclusions, the developing scientific consensus is that atmospheric CO 2 and O 3 will affect litter decomposition and subsequent nutrient cycling more through their effects on the quantity, than quality, of foliage produced, and by shifting the species composition of forests (Finzi and Schlesinger 2002;Cotrufo et al 2005b;Liu et al 2007Liu et al , 2009Hillstrom, Meehan, Kelly and Lindroth, unpublished data). For example, soil carbon sequestration at Aspen FACE appears to be more closely related to CO 2 -and O 3 -mediated changes in input quantity and species composition than to qualitative changes in litter chemical composition (Loya et al 2003;Liu et al 2007Liu et al , 2009.…”

Section: Litter Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and O3 on Forests: Phytochemistry, Trophic Interactions, and Ecosystem Dynamics

2010

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Prominent among the many factors now affecting the sustainability of forest ecosystems are anthropogenically-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3). CO2 is the substrate for photosynthesis and thus can accelerate tree growth, whereas O3 is a highly reactive oxygen species and interferes with basic physiological functions. This review summarizes the impacts of CO2 and O3 on tree chemical composition and highlights the consequences thereof for trophic interactions and ecosystem dynamics. CO2 and O3 influence phytochemical composition by altering substrate availability and biochemical/physiological processes such as photosynthesis and defense signaling pathways. Growth of trees under enriched CO2 generally leads to an increase in the C/N ratio, due to a decline in foliar nitrogen and concomitant increases in carbohydrates and phenolics. Terpenoid levels generally are not affected by atmospheric CO2 concentration. O3 triggers up-regulation of antioxidant defense pathways, leading to the production of simple phenolics and flavonoids (more so in angiosperms than gymnosperms). Tannins levels generally are unaffected, while terpenoids exhibit variable responses. In combination, CO2 and O3 exert both additive and interactive effects on tree chemical composition. CO2-and O3-mediated changes in plant chemistry influence host selection, individual performance (development, growth, reproduction), and population densities of herbivores (primarily phytophagous insects) and soil invertebrates. These changes can effect shifts in the amount and temporal pattern of forest canopy damage and organic substrate deposition. Decomposition rates of leaf litter produced under elevated CO2 and O3 may or may not be altered, and can respond to both the independent and interactive effects of the pollutants. Overall, however, CO2 and O3 effects on decomposition will be influenced more by their impacts on the quantity, rather than quality, of litter produced. A prominent theme to emerge from this and related reviews is that the effects of elevated CO2 and O3 on plant chemistry and ecological interactions are highly context- and species-specific, thus frustrating attempts to identify general, global patterns. Many of the interactions that govern above- and below-ground community and ecosystem processes are chemically mediated, ultimately influencing terrestrial carbon sequestration and feeding back to influence atmospheric composition. Thus, the discipline of chemical ecology is fundamentally important for elucidating the impacts of humans on the health and sustainability of forest ecosystems. Future research should seek to increase the diversity of natural products, species, and biomes studied; incorporate long-term, multi-factor experiments; and employ a comprehensive “genes to ecosystems” perspective that couples genetic/genomic tools with the approaches of evolutionary and ecosystem ecology.

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“…On the other hand, litter chemistry was not affected by short-term O 3 exposure in a study with beech Fagus sylvatica (Schloter et al 2005). In free air type O 3 exposure experiments, it has been demonstrated that O 3 -induced changes in litter quality of Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera communities led to reduced inputs of hemicellulose and lignin (Liu et al 2005;Meehan et al 2010) and thus caused a decrease in nutrient flux into soil (Liu et al 2007). In contrast, Stoelken et al (2010) detected additional nitrogen incorporation into the soil down to 30 cm resulting from an enhanced nitrogen mobilisation from leaf litter in an O 3 exposure experiment with Fagus sylvatica grown in lysimeters.…”

Section: Below-ground Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Mediated Ecosystem Effects of Tropospheric Ozone

2014

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Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 and tropospheric O3 on nutrient dynamics: decomposition of leaf litter in trembling aspen and paper birch communities

Cited by 24 publications

References 61 publications

Long-Term Leaf Production Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Tropospheric Ozone

Long-Term Leaf Production Response to Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Tropospheric Ozone

Impacts of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and O3 on Forests: Phytochemistry, Trophic Interactions, and Ecosystem Dynamics

Plant-Mediated Ecosystem Effects of Tropospheric Ozone

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