Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Freitag, A.; Thayer, LeeAnne; Leonetti, Christopher; Stapleton, Heather M.; Hamlin, Heather J.

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.10.041

Cited by 42 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example, female Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii , cultured in water with 57 mg/L nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 ‐N) exhibited a significant increase in sex steroids, including plasma testosterone (T), 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT), and estradiol compared with females grown at 11.5 mg/L NO 3 ‐N (Hamlin et al ). Freitag et al () tested various NO 3 ‐N levels (5.3, 10.3, and 101.8 mg/L) to evaluate the endocrine disrupting potential of nitrate in presmolt Atlantic salmon (102 g to begin). This 27‐d study reported that plasma T concentrations were significantly elevated for Atlantic salmon exposed to 10.3 mg/L NO 3 ‐N, but no significant difference in plasma T was detected at the other NO 3 ‐N treatment levels.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Atlantic Salmon Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kolarevic et al () reported NO 3 ‐N concentrations <1 mg/L in flow‐through systems and 6–28 mg/L NO 3 ‐N in experimental RAS during a study evaluating the performance and welfare of Atlantic salmon smolt and did not observe any negative effects associated with the elevated NO 3 ‐N in RAS. Furthermore, Freitag et al () concluded that juvenile (presmolt) Atlantic salmon were relatively insensitive to NO 3 ‐N concentrations as high as 101.8 mg/L and therefore suggested that Atlantic salmon might be a good candidate for production in RAS. In our experience, Atlantic salmon have been cultured to market size in RAS at maximum NO 3 ‐N concentrations of approximately 60 mg/L with no apparent negative effects to growth, survival, or physiology, although low nitrate growout RAS were not available to provide comparison group(s) (Davidson et al in press).…”

Section: Factors Influencing Atlantic Salmon Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Review of Factors Influencing Maturation of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, with Focus on Water Recirculation Aquaculture System Environments

Good

Davidson

2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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Sexual maturation of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, is a complex process, with many variables having the capacity to influence the timing and prevalence of maturation and acting as promoters and/or inhibitors of sexual development. Precocious maturation has the capacity to seriously impact production in commercial aquaculture settings, and in response there has been a significant amount of research devoted to understanding this issue in order to develop remedial strategies. Very little research has been conducted specifically examining salmon maturation in land-based, closed containment water recirculation aquaculture systems, which have recently received attention as an alternative technology for the sustainable production of market-size Atlantic salmon. Unfortunately, the nascent closed containment salmon industry has thus far experienced high levels of precocious maturation, for reasons that are presently unclear. Given the economic challenges facing the closed containment industry's expansion, it is imperative that best management practices be developed to reduce economic losses from early maturation, in order to assist the sustainable growth of farmed Atlantic salmon production. This review provides a brief summary of published research on factors associated with early salmonid maturation, as well as information from research examining maturation and growout performance of Atlantic salmon in closed containment aquaculture systems.

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Section: Factors Influencing Atlantic Salmon Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing Atlantic Salmon Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Factors Influencing Maturation of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, with Focus on Water Recirculation Aquaculture System Environments

Good

Davidson

2016

J World Aquaculture Soc

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“…Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) exposed to nitrate exhibited elevated plasma testosterone concentrations at low but not at high concentrations (Freitag et al 2015). The authors suggested that the response to lower concentrations of nitrate may reflect modulation of physiological processes whereas inhibition of testosterone secretion at high concentrations of nitrate reflected a direct toxicological effect (see Valenti et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the stress response in wild fish is associated with variation in dissolved nitrate and nitrite

Pottinger

2017

Environmental Pollution

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Article (refereed) -postprintPottinger, Tom G. 2017. Modulation of the stress response in wild fish is associated with variation in dissolved nitrate and nitrite.Contact CEH NORA team at noraceh@ceh.ac.ukThe NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner. respectively. These data suggest that either (i) inorganic N is a better surrogate than wastewater effluent concentration for an unknown factor or factors affecting stress axis function in fish, or (ii) dissolved inorganic N directly exerts a disruptive influence on the function of the neuroendocrine stress axis in fish, supporting concerns that nitrate is an endocrine-modulating chemical. KeywordsStickleback, stress axis, cortisol, endocrine disruption, nitrate CapsuleEvidence is presented that the function of the neuroendocrine stress axis in three-spined sticklebacks may be modulated by dissolved inorganic N concentrations, supporting concerns that nitrate might act as an endocrine disruptor in aquatic wildlife.3

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“…Indeed, these differences are likely due to the concentration, timing of exposure, variance in responses among individuals, and environmental context in which the studies were carried out (Edwards et al, 2006a). For example, Freitag et al (2015) observed increased plasma T levels among male and female juvenile salmon exposed to 10 mg/L NO 3 –N, compared to those exposed to a lower dose of 5 mg/L (control) and a higher dose of 101 mg/L. Likewise, adult female Siberian sturgeon exhibited elevated plasma T, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and E 2 concentrations following a 30-day exposure to 57 mg/L NO 3 –N, compared to controls (Hamlin et al, 2008).…”

Section: Defining Novel Endocrine Disruptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative and comparative reproductive biology: From alligators to xenobiotics

McCoy

Roark

Boggs

et al. 2016

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Dr. Louis J. Guillette Jr. thought of himself as a reproductive biologist. However, his interest in reproductive biology transcended organ systems, life history stages, species, and environmental contexts. His integrative and collaborative nature led to diverse and fascinating research projects conducted all over the world. He doesn’t leave us with a single legacy. Instead, he entrusts us with several. The purpose of this review is to highlight those legacies, in both breadth and diversity, and to illustrate Dr. Guillette’s grand contributions to the field of reproductive biology. He has challenged the field to reconsider how we think about our data, championed development of novel and innovative techniques to measure endocrine function, helped define the field of endocrine disruption, and lead projects to characterize new endocrine disrupting chemicals. He significantly influenced our understanding of evolution, and took bold and important steps to translate all that he has learned into advances in human reproductive health. We hope that after reading this manuscript our audience will appreciate and continue Dr. Guillette’s practice of open-minded and passionate collaboration to understand the basic mechanisms driving reproductive physiology and to ultimately apply those findings to protect and improve wildlife and human health.

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Effects of elevated nitrate on endocrine function in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar

Cited by 42 publications

References 36 publications

A Review of Factors Influencing Maturation of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, with Focus on Water Recirculation Aquaculture System Environments

A Review of Factors Influencing Maturation of Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar, with Focus on Water Recirculation Aquaculture System Environments

Modulation of the stress response in wild fish is associated with variation in dissolved nitrate and nitrite

Integrative and comparative reproductive biology: From alligators to xenobiotics

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