Effects of elevated salinity from road deicers on <i>Chironomus riparius</i> at environmentally realistic springtime temperatures

Lob, Daniel W.; Silver, Pamela A.

doi:10.1899/12-095.1

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Our results almost match the summarization by Mayer & Ellersieck [80] that a 108C increase in temperature results in a two-to fourfold decrease in the LC50. There are a few studies where reduced salt toxicity has been observed at lower versus higher temperature [73,111,112], but the relationship between acute salt toxicity and temperature has not been quantified in a manner that can be applied to water quality criteria (table 3).…”

Section: (B) Changes In Salinity Toxicity In Response To Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts

Jackson

Funk

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Salinity in freshwater ecosystems has increased significantly at numerous locations throughout the world, and this increase often reflects the use or production of salts from road de-icing, mining/oil and gas drilling activities, or agricultural production. When related to de-icing salts, highest salinity often occurs in winter when water temperature is often low relative to mean annual temperature at a site. Our study examined acute (96 h) responses to elevated salinity (NaCl) concentrations at five to seven temperature treatments (5–25°C) for four mayfly species (Baetidae: Neocloeon triangulifer , Procloeon fragile ; Heptageniidae: Maccaffertium modestum ; Leptophlebiidae: Leptophlebia cupida ) that are widely distributed across eastern North America. Based on acute LC50s at 20°C, P. fragile was most sensitive (LC50 = 767 mg l −1 , 1447 µS cm −1 ), followed by N. triangulifer (2755 mg l −1 , 5104 µS cm −1 ), M. modestum (2760 mg l −1 , 5118 µS cm −1 ) and L. cupida (4588 mg l −1 , 8485 µS cm −1 ). Acute LC50s decreased as temperature increased for all four species ( n = 5–7, R 2 = 0.65–0.88, p = 0.052–0.002). Thus, acute salt toxicity is strongly temperature dependent for the mayfly species we tested, which suggests that brief periods of elevated salinity during cold seasons or in colder locations may be ecologically less toxic than predicted by standard 20 or 25°C laboratory bioassays. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Salt in freshwaters: causes, ecological consequences and future prospects’.

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Section: (B) Changes In Salinity Toxicity In Response To Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts

Jackson

Funk

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…For example local air and ground pollutants can increase with traffic intensity (Wheeler & Rolfe, ; Aldrin & Haff, ), and this might cause greater mortality or sub‐lethal effects for insect populations along higher traffic roads (e.g. Lob & Silver, ). In addition, roads with higher traffic may have higher abundances of non‐native plant species than roads with lower traffic (Joly et al ., ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flying insect abundance declines with increasing road traffic

Martin

Graham

Henry

et al. 2018

Insect Conserv Diversity

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1. One potentially important but underappreciated threat to insects is road mortality. Road kill studies clearly show that insects are killed on roads, leading to the hypothesis that road mortality causes declines in local insect population sizes.2. In this study we used custom-made sticky traps attached to a vehicle to target diurnal flying insects that interact with roads, sampling along 10 hightraffic and 10 low-traffic rural roads in southeastern Ontario, Canada. We used a paired sampling design to control for potentially confounding differences in the road characteristics (e.g. road width) and surrounding land covers (e.g. housing density) between high-traffic and low-traffic roads. We then used these data to test the prediction that fewer flying insects collide with vehicles, per vehicle (i.e. insect abundance is lower), on high-traffic than low-traffic roads.3. We found significantly fewer insects at the high-traffic roads than at the low-traffic roads as predicted. There was a 23.5% decline in the number of insects/km/vehicle on high-traffic relative to low-traffic roads. 4. Given the high rates of insect mortality observed in previous studies, it is likely that road mortality contributes to these observed negative effects of traffic intensity. Thus the growing global road network is a concern for conservationists and land managers, not only because insect population declines contribute to the ongoing global losses of biodiversity but also because insects play a vital role in food webs and provide important ecosystem services.

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“…The majority of studies that have tested the salinity sensitivity of freshwater organisms have used as a salt source sodium chloride (NaCl)(Jackson and Funk 2019 , Blasius and Merritt 2002 , Goetsch and Palmer 1997 , Palmer et al 2004 , Williams et al 1999 ), or Synthetic Marine Salts (SMS) (Kefford et al 2007 , Kefford 2014 , Batterton and Baalen, 1971 , Dickman and Gochnauer 1978 , Gillis 2011 , Hills et al 2019 ), which is mostly (85%) NaCl. These salts have been widely studied because they are generally representative of salinisation from road de-icing in cold regions (Jackson and Funk 2019 , Lob and Silver 2012 , Wallace and Biastoch 2016 ), and dryland salinity in Australia (Sauer et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bicarbonate alone does not totally explain the toxicity from major ions of coal bed derived waters to freshwater invertebrates

2022

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Concentrations of major ions in coal mine discharge waters and unconventional hydrocarbon produced waters derived from coal bed methane (CBM) production, are potentially harmful to freshwater ecosystems. Bicarbonate is a major constituent of produced waters from CBM and coal mining. However, little is known about the relative toxicity of differing ionic proportions, especially bicarbonate, found in these CBM waters. As all freshwater invertebrates tested are more acutely sensitive to sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) than sodium chloride (NaCl) or synthetic sea water, we tested the hypotheses that toxicity of CBM waters are driven by bicarbonate concentration, and waters containing a higher proportion of bicarbonate are more toxic to freshwater invertebrates than those with less bicarbonate. We compared the acute (96 h) lethal toxicity to six freshwater invertebrate species of NaHCO3 and two synthetic CBM waters, with ionic proportions representative of water from CBM wells across New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld), in Australia. The ranking of LC50 values expressed as total salinity was consistent with the hypotheses. However, when toxicity was expressed as bicarbonate concentration, the hypothesis that the toxicity of coal bed waters would be explained by bicarbonate concentration was not well supported, and other ionic components were either ameliorating or exacerbating the NaHCO3 toxicity. Our findings showed NaHCO3 was more toxic than NaCl and that the NaHCO3 proportion of synthetic CBM waters drives toxicity, however other ions are altering the toxicity of bicarbonate.

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Effects of elevated salinity from road deicers on Chironomus riparius at environmentally realistic springtime temperatures

Cited by 17 publications

References 38 publications

Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts

Temperature affects acute mayfly responses to elevated salinity: implications for toxicity of road de-icing salts

Flying insect abundance declines with increasing road traffic

Bicarbonate alone does not totally explain the toxicity from major ions of coal bed derived waters to freshwater invertebrates

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