Effects of Empagliflozin on Vascular and Skeletal Mineralization in Hyperlipidemic Mice

Kalanski, Sophia; Pradhan, Stuti; Hon, Andy; Xia, Yuxuan; Safvati, Nora; Rivera, Juan Carlos; Lu, Mimi; Demer, Linda L.; Tintut, Yin

doi:10.1016/j.vph.2024.107376

Vascular Pharmacology

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107376

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Effects of Empagliflozin on Vascular and Skeletal Mineralization in Hyperlipidemic Mice

Sophia Kalanski,

Stuti Pradhan,

Andy Hon

et al.

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2024

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Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density

Pradhan,

Kalanski,

Tintut

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Lipidology

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Purpose of review Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) lower renal glucose reabsorption and, thus, are used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clinical trials coincidentally showed that SGLT2 inhibitors also benefitted patients with heart failure. This review explores the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on other aspects of cardiovascular disease and skeletal health. Recent Findings In some, but not all, clinical and preclinical studies, SGLT2 inhibitors are found to reduce serum levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides. Their effects on total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiac function also vary. However, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce lipid accumulation in the liver, kidney, and heart, and alter expression of lipid metabolism genes. Effects on free fatty acid uptake in abdominal fat depots depend on the location of adipose tissue. In male, but not female, mice, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the atherosclerotic lesions and aortic calcium deposition. With respect to skeletal health, recent literature has reported conflicting associations with the risks of fracture and amputation. Summary Studies suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors reduce tissue lipid accumulation, and in a sex-dependent manner, atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. However, their effects on lipid levels and bone health are complex and remain to be established.

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Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density

Pradhan,

Kalanski,

Tintut

et al. 2024

Current Opinion in Lipidology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Effects of Empagliflozin on Vascular and Skeletal Mineralization in Hyperlipidemic Mice

Cited by 1 publication

References 25 publications

Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density

Complex actions of sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitors on lipids, calcific atherosclerosis, and bone density

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