Effects of Endurance Training on the Breathing Pattern of Professional Cyclists.

Abstract

[6][7][8]. From some of these data, it appears that physical training causes tidal volume (VT) to increase and breathing frequency ( f b ) to decrease for a given level of minute ventilation (VE). For example, extremely fit oarswomen exhibit a slower, deeper breathing pattern than less-fit oarswomen or sedentary subjects [8]. Some other cross-sectional studies, however, provide no definitive evidence of a change toward a "slower deeper breathing" with endurance training [5,7]. On the other hand, surprisingly little research has focused on analyzing the effects of training on breathing pattern by using a longitudinal design. In a prospective study, McParland and co-workers [9] reported no significant effect of shortterm activity specific endurance training (five weekly sessions of 40 min each at ϳ75% VO 2 max ) on the breathing pattern of healthy, nontrained individuals. Comparable findings were obtained by Clark et al.[10] in nontrained subjects. Recently, Miyachi and Katayama reported that the hyperventilatory response of moderately trained subjects during heavy exercise

NRF-1genotypes and endurance exercise capacity in young Chinese men

“…The VT is an integrative variable that reflects, at least in part, physiological phenomena and training adaptations occurring at the muscle level, such as muscle oxidative capacity,23 – 26 upon which NRF-1 is thought to have a significant influence. In endurance-trained humans, training adaptations over a season are reflected more in VT improvements than in VO 2max changes, as the latter variable remains relatively constant 27 28. The VT, especially when expressed in VO 2 as here, also has clinical significance; extensive research in chronic patients (with cardiopulmonary disease, cancer, etc) has shown that the VT is considerably lower in patients than in healthy controls and tends to decrease with the severity of the disease, which makes it a safe indicator of aerobic capacity in people with disease 29.…”

Frequency of the V·O2max Plateau Phenomenon in World-Class Cyclists

“…With this type of ergometer, any target power output set by the researcher remains stable if the participant's variation in pedal cadence ranges between 70 and 90 rev • min -1 . Previous research with professional cyclists tested with this ergometer has shown that, if maintained within the 70 -90 rev • min -1 range, preferred pedal cadence does not affect their ventilatory or V O 2 response (22). After a warm-up period of 5min duration at 50 W (controls) or 70 W (cyclists), power output (PO) was increased from an initial value of 25 W (cyclists) or 20 W (controls) at rate of 25 W • min -1 (cyclists) or 20 W • min -1 (controls) until volitional exhaustion.…”

A nomogram for assessment of breathing patterns during treadmill exercise

“…Some authors have reported a fall in T i /T tot in response to a VE increase in sedentary people, 7 but others found an increase in the same circumstances 4 or during exercise. 8 9 However, many studies that only included athletes [10][11][12][13] suggest stabilisation of T i /T tot during exercise, maintaining a similar duration for inspiration and expiration.…”