Effects of Engineered Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita: Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles, Acute Toxicity and Oxidative Stress

Abstract

Concerns regarding zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have gained much attention due to their unique properties and widespread applications in cosmetics, electronics and medicinal industry that may induce an adverse impact not only on specific ecosystem but also on human health. ZnO-NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterization was done by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. SEM showed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of particles. From XRD pattern, average particle size, lattice parameters (a and c), X-ray density and volume of unit cell of zinc oxide nanoparticles were 52.22 nm, (a =3.25 Å and c=5.21 Å), 5.0 g/cm3 and 54.82 Å3, respectively. FT-IR confirmed the attached compound of synthesized nanoparticles. The acute toxicity of ZnO-NPs was determined by using fish, Labeo rohita as a genetic model during this study. The mean 96-h LC50 and lethal concentration were measured as 31.15 and 57.84 mg/L, respectively. Oxidative stress in terms of catalase, lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase was also determined in fish gills, muscle, liver and heart after chronic exposure of ZnO-NPs for 80 days and sampling were done on 20, 40, 60 and 80 days. Significantly decreased catalase and superoxide dismutase activity was determined in selected fish organs. However, level of lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the fish organs as compared to control group. The overall results indicated that induced toxicity mechanism of ZnO-NPs in aquatic ecosystem was oxidative stress

Range Findings of Lethal Concentration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) to Juvenile Red Tilapia

“…In line with some previous studies, Suganthi et al [20] stated that 50% of Oreochromis mossambicus (Nile tilapia) mortality was observed between 100-110 mg/L. Furthermore, a recent study by Taherian et al [21] found 25.50 mg/L as LC50 of ZnO NPs on Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) for 96 h. Other than that, the LC50 of ZnO NPs of freshwater fish, Labeo Rohita observed was 31.15 mg/L [22] at a 95% confidence interval. Moreover, LC50 of ZnO of Rutilus rutilus caspius (Caspian roach) was found by occurred at a concentration of 48 mg/L [23].…”

A metagenomic insight into the Yangtze finless porpoise virome

“…Notably, cyprinids are the most susceptible to the herpes virus among aquatic animals. Previous research demonstrated that cyprinids were one of the main foods for the Yangtze finless porpoise (39)(40)(41)(42)(43). Moreover, Pei et al also found herpes virus in the liver of dead Yangtze finless porpoise, which was consistent with our results (44).…”

Solubility of ZnO Nanoparticles in Food Media: An Analysis Using a Novel Semiclosed Dynamic System

“…ZnO NPs have been widely applied in a variety of foods and commercial products because of their excellent antibacterial properties, which has unintentionally increased the risk of exposure to ZnO NPs. Some studies have shown that long-term oral administration of ZnO NPs could induce lung and liver damage, , but other toxicological effects and mechanisms are still under investigation. Accordingly, it is very important to explore the potential state and fate of ZnO NPs in the GIT.…”