Effects of enrofloxacin on antioxidant system, microsomal enzymatic activity, and proteomics in porcine liver

Abstract

Enrofloxacin (EF) is a widely used fluoroquinolone, usually regarded as a safe and effective treatment for bacterial infections. Adverse effects of EF have previously been demonstrated in some species, but so far there have been no studies looking specifically at the impact of EF on pigs. In this study, three different doses of EF (5, 25 and 125 mg kg bw ) were administrated to Bama pigs. The results showed that lipid peroxidation of pig liver tissue occurred with all EF doses. The 125 mg kg dose of EF induced catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and increased CYP450 content in pig liver microsomes. The activity of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome C reductase (NCCR) was elevated at both the 25 and 125 mg kg doses of EF. Microsomal erythromycin N-demethylase (ERND) and aminopyrin N-demethylase (AND) were inhibited by high doses of EF, while aniline-4-hydroxylase (AH) was unaffected. None of the EF treatments affected superoxide dismutase (SOD) or cytochrome b5 content. Antioxidases and microsomal enzymes may work together to resist the adverse effects of EF. Proteomic analysis revealed increased protein expression of carboxylesterase (CES) and alpha-enolase (ENO1) in microsomes as a stress response to EF. These results provide new information about the adverse effect of fluoroquinolones and help guide their usage more effectively in the clinic or animal breeding.

WITHDRAWN: Effect of Hermetia Illucens Larvae on Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets and Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia Coli K88

“…TC also represents the ability of lipid absorption and metabolism. Antioxidant enzymes play a vital role in the natural defense system against oxidative damage in animals [28]. SOD successfully scavenges and inhibits excessive anions in animals to protect the body from oxidative damage.…”

In vitro study of chlorine dioxide on porcine intestinal epithelial cell gene markers

“…The lower concentrations applied decreased the gene expression of HSPA6. Heat shock protein 70 is crucial in cell survival: it can prevent apoptosis, repair damaged proteins (Murphy, 2013) and reduce mitochondrial and cellular ROS production (Li et al, 2018).…”

“…this six-to eight-time increase might result in elevated protein levels which would lead to altered metabolism of the known CYP1A1 substrate drugs such as azole antifungals (Velík et al, 2004) and quinolone antimicrobials (Li et al, 2018). Finding the recommended oral dose that has no effect on the xenobiotic metabolising enzymes would be crucial to avoid drug-feed interactions or any alteration in drug biotransformation.…”

“…Concerning drug metabolism, the 1.11 mM ClO 2 concentration exerted no effect on the transcription of the three investigated CYP genes of porcine intestinal cells. The lower ClO 2 concentrations (0.07 and 0.14 mM) resulted in increased expression of the CYP1A1 gene; this six‐ to eight‐time increase might result in elevated protein levels which would lead to altered metabolism of the known CYP1A1 substrate drugs such as azole antifungals (Velík et al., 2004 ) and quinolone antimicrobials (Li et al., 2018 ). Finding the recommended oral dose that has no effect on the xenobiotic metabolising enzymes would be crucial to avoid drug–feed interactions or any alteration in drug biotransformation.…”

Alteration in Inflammatory Responses and Cytochrome P450 Expression of Porcine Jejunal Cells by Drinking Water Supplements

“…Nonetheless, according to Vrba et al [27], protopine alkaloids increased both CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 gene expression in human hepatocytes through AhR independent mechanism. The increased level of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzymes may cause elevated biotransformation of drugs used in swine industry, e.g., azole antifungals, flubendazole, fenbendazole [28], quinolone antimicrobials, danofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and enrofloxacin [29]. Among the tested substances, β -glucan appears to be the safest additive in terms of drug metabolism since it is not exerted any effect on the investigated CYP genes.…”