Effects of environmental enrichment in a captive pair of Golden Parakeet (Guaruba guarouba, Psittacidae) with abnormal behaviors

Clyvia, Aryanne; Faggioli, Angela Bernadette; Cipreste, Cynthia Fernandes

doi:10.1007/bf03544297

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…While three studies have found a significant inverse relationship (Asiatic lion [ 22 ], New Zealand white rabbits [ 23 ], bottlenose dolphins [ 24 ]), a study on two bear species found no significant relationship [ 25 ]. Studies examining both behavioral diversity and stereotypic behavior but not comparing them statistically have generally found that when stereotypic behavior is high or increased, behavioral diversity is low or decreased (sows [ 21 ], small felids [ 26 ], large felids [ 27 ], giant pandas [ 28 , 29 ], spectacled bears [ 30 ], chimpanzees [ 31 ], African elephants [ 32 ], parakeets [ 33 ], and songbirds [ 34 ]). Similarly, pharmacologically induced stereotypic behavior was also associated with lower behavioral diversity [ 35 ].…”

Section: Behavioral Diversity and Stereotypic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In total, across 28 studies, there was a reported increase in behavioral diversity (decrease for lack of enrichment) for 78.6% of the studies, with the remaining 21.4% reporting no significant difference. Species that experienced an increase in behavioral diversity following enrichment or an enhanced habitat included big cats [ 27 , 45 , 46 ], leopard geckos [ 38 ], parakeets [ 33 ], capuchins [ 40 ], African cichlid males [ 47 ], pigs [ 21 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], wombats [ 39 ], red foxes [ 51 ], bottlenose dolphins [ 52 ], ghost bats [ 53 ], bears (spectacled [ 30 ], Andean, sloth, brown, and black [ 54 ]), rats [ 55 ], African elephants [ 32 ], small felids [ 26 ], hognose snakes [ 56 ], giant pandas [ 28 , 29 ], and chimpanzees [ 31 ]. Species where enrichment or improved habitat was not found to significantly change behavioral diversity include armadillos, bush babies, and two toed sloths [ 57 ], wolves [ 58 ], African elephants [ 59 ], zebra fish and checker barbs [ 60 ], and lions [ 41 ].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Behavioral Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Diversity as a Potential Indicator of Positive Animal Welfare

Miller

Vicino

Sheftel

et al. 2020

Animals

123

114

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Modern day zoos and aquariums continuously assess the welfare of their animals and use evidence to make informed management decisions. Historically, many of the indicators of animal welfare used to assess the collection are negative indicators of welfare, such as stereotypic behavior. However, a lack of negative indicators of animal welfare does not demonstrate that an individual animal is thriving. There is a need for validated measures of positive animal welfare and there is a growing body of evidence that supports the use of behavioral diversity as a positive indicator of welfare. This includes an inverse relationship with stereotypic behavior as well as fecal glucocorticoid metabolites and is typically higher in situations thought to promote positive welfare. This review article highlights previous research on behavioral diversity as a potential positive indicator of welfare. Details are provided on how to calculate behavioral diversity and how to use it when evaluating animal welfare. Finally, the review will indicate how behavioral diversity can be used to inform an evidence-based management approach to animal care and welfare.

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Section: Behavioral Diversity and Stereotypic Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Affecting Behavioral Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Diversity as a Potential Indicator of Positive Animal Welfare

Miller

Vicino

Sheftel

et al. 2020

Animals

123

114

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“…Res. (2020) 28:125-132 behaviors of "swing head/body" and "pecking metal objects," also described in Psittacidae (Clyvia et al 2015;Telles et al 2015;Azevedo et al 2016); these findings represent a set of positive responses in the search for the well-being of Hyacinth Macaws kept in captivity within an environmental enrichment program.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The literature is still somewhat scarce when it comes to the study of abnormal behavior and/or specific stereotypes of birds in captivity. Nevertheless, observations of plucking feathers, pecking on cages/walls, and constantly shaking the head/body have been reported (Garner et al 2006;Clyvia et al 2015;Azevedo et al 2016;Reimer et al 2016;de Almeida et al 2018), especially in Psittacidae. To cope with this, a major captivity-management challenge has been the development of an environmental enrichment program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavioral variables of caged Hyacinth Macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)

Checon

Rosenfield²,

Jorge‐Neto³

et al. 2020

Ornithol. Res.

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The Hyacinth Macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) is a species considered vulnerable by the IUCN Red List, and many individuals are found in captivity in Brazil. In captive environments, due to the lack of stimuli, these animals demonstrate abnormal behaviors due to a high degree of inactivity. Among the strategies to minimize this problem, increase the natural behavior, and improve the well-being are the techniques of environmental enrichment of the enclosure. In order to investigate the effectiveness of these techniques for this species, we evaluated two distinct phases: the time before and the time during the implementation of enrichment, using an ethogram. The method employed was based on the sample session by time interval, totaling 20 h per individual, per phase. As an enrichment, natural objects (branches, vines, and leaves) were assembled into mobiles, containing pieces of the animal's daily diet. The electivity index was applied to compare the use of different quadrants and the different locations in the enclosure. The results showed greater exploration of the enclosure, a reduction of abnormal behaviors, and a decrease of inactivity. The quadrants were more used by both couples during the environmental enrichment phase and the decrease in the use of wire mesh was offset by the increase in ground use. In view of the results found, we conclude that environmental enrichment demonstrated to be an important tool in the management of captive hyacinth macaws, providing a better quality of life.

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“…It is surprising that the second most common index of behavioral diversity was richness. While richness has value as a diversity indicator, it has several limitations [ 44 ]. Behavioral richness (number of behaviors seen) does not take into account evenness or the number of observations, or the behavior types that were recorded [ 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Comparison Of Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Unused Tools for the Animal Behavioral Diversity Toolkit

Brereton

Fernández

2022

Animals

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Behavioral diversity is a commonly used tool used to quantify the richness and evenness of animal behaviors and assess the effect of variables that may impact an animal’s quality of life. The indices used in behavioral diversity research, and the study subjects, have not been formally reviewed. This paper aims to identify which indices are being used in behavioral diversity research, and under which scenarios, and uncover novel indices from other disciplines that could be applied to behavioral diversity. To investigate the techniques and species investigated in behavioral diversity literature, a Web of Science literature search was conducted. Two methods: behavioral richness and the Shannon–Wiener index, were the most frequently used indices, whereas the Behavioral Variability index featured rarely. While a range of species appeared in the behavioral literature, mammals were the most frequently studied Class, whereas amphibians did not feature in any papers. There are several diversity indices which did not feature in behavioral diversity including Simpson’s index, and Chao. Such indices could be used to better understand animal behavioral study outputs or be used to estimate the number of ‘unobserved’ behaviors that an animal may express. Future studies could therefore extend beyond the Shannon–Wiener and richness indices.

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Effects of environmental enrichment in a captive pair of Golden Parakeet (Guaruba guarouba, Psittacidae) with abnormal behaviors

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Behavioral Diversity as a Potential Indicator of Positive Animal Welfare

Behavioral Diversity as a Potential Indicator of Positive Animal Welfare

Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavioral variables of caged Hyacinth Macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus)

Investigating Unused Tools for the Animal Behavioral Diversity Toolkit

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