Effects of environmental factors on basidiospore germination of ammonia fungi Coprinopsis spp. collected from different geographical areas

Abstract

Effects of pH, NH 4 -N, and temperature on basidiospore germination in Coprinopsis austrophlyctidospora from New Zealand, C. phlyctidospora from Japan, C. aff. rugosobispora from Canada, and C. echinospora from Canada were investigated. The Coprinopsis spp. required the presence of ammonium-nitrogen under weak alkaline to neutral conditions for germination, regardless of their different areas of occurrence. The former two species had a wider concentration of NH 4 Cl solution and pH range for germination in comparison to the latter two species. The optimum concentration of NH 4 Cl solution for the germination was 0.01 M in C. austrophlyctidospora and 0.1 M in the other three species. The pH optimum for germination in the former two species was 8.0 whereas that for germination in the latter two species was 8.0-8.5. The temperature range (5.0-40.0°C) for the former two species was wider than that (5-30°C) for the latter two species. Temperature optima for the germination in the former two species, C. aff. rugosobispora and C. echinospora, were 30, 20-25 and 15°C, respectively. The germination abilities of these Coprinopsis species in a wide range of temperatures are relevant to their natural temperature regime, showing their potential ability to propagate in tropical to subarctic regions.

Effect of biotic and abiotic factors on conidial germination of a saprobic ammonia fungus Amblyosporium botrytis

“…Effective ranges of NH 4 Cl concentration and those of pH for basidiospore germination of the late stage of EP fungi Coprinopsis spp. are 0.1–1000 mM with optimum 10–100 mM (Raut et al 2011). Effective ranges of pH for basidiospore germination of the late stage of EP fungi Coprinopsis phlyctidospora complex are 6.0–9.5 with optimum at pH 8.0–8.5 (Raut et al 2011).…”

“…are 0.1–1000 mM with optimum 10–100 mM (Raut et al 2011). Effective ranges of pH for basidiospore germination of the late stage of EP fungi Coprinopsis phlyctidospora complex are 6.0–9.5 with optimum at pH 8.0–8.5 (Raut et al 2011). Effective range of NH 4 Cl concentration for basidiospore germination of an ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma vinosophyllum which occurs at the late phase (LP) of the succession are 10–500 mM with optimum 100 mM (Deng and Suzuki 2008).…”

“…In contrast, germination percentage of basidiospore suspension of Coprinopsis p. ssp. in C. phlyctidospora complex and H. vinosophyllum in NH 4 Cl aqueous solution adjusted at various pH showed similar germination percentages, irrespective of pH adjustment reagents, KOH, NaOH, and NH 4 OH (Deng and Suzuki 2008; Raut et al 2011). It suggests that K and Na synergistically stimulate conidial germination of A. botrytis .…”