Effects of environmental hypothermia on hemodynamics and oxygen dynamics in a conscious swine model of hemorrhagic shock

Zhang, Cheng; Gao, Guangrong; Jiang, Huiyong; Lv, Chenguang; Zhang, Baolei; Xie, Ming-shuang; Yu, Li; Zhang, Xuefeng

doi:10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2012.02.009

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Dignass et al[ 10 ] reported that the involvement of TFF3 will increase the ability of goblet cells by 3–6 times in the reconstruction. Our studies[ 11 , 12 ] have also confirmed that the rapid reconstruction of damaged intestinal mucosa in hemorrhagic shock animals was accompanied by increased TFF3 expression.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in a mouse model of sepsis

Chang¹,

Li²,

Chang³

et al. 2013

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND:The intestine is not only the main target attacked by sepsis but also the vital organ which mediated sepsis. The recovery of the damaged intestinal barrier structure and function is related to the occurrence and outcome of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). How to protect and reduce the damage of the intestinal mucosa and how to promote the reconstruction of the intestinal mucosa have been the important topics in sepsis for many years. This study aimed to investigate the influential factors of intestinal mucosal reconstruction after intestinal epithelial injury in vivo in a mouse model of sepsis.METHODS:Mice were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) for induction of sepsis to assess intestinal mucosal damage, epithelial cell apoptosis, and transformed number of goblet cells, and to detect the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1 and TGF-β1 and TFF3 (trefoil factor 3) expression in the small intestinal mucosa. All above were performed by HE staining, western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry respectively. The experimental animals were divided into a sepsis group and a sham-operation group. The animals with sepsis were separately killed at 6 (7 animals), 24 (7 animals) and 48 hours (7 animals) after CLP.RESULTS:Injured intestinal mucosa was observed in the 3 groups under a light microscope, in which damage scores in the 24-hour and 48-hour groups were higher than in the 6-hour group and no difference was found between the two groups. Moreover, less of goblet cells or other epithelial cells adjacent to the injured surface migrated into the wound to cover the denuded area. The number of goblet cells was substantially decreased in the three CLP groups compared with the sham-operation group. Protein levels of IL-1 and TNF-α were significantly increased by 3–4 fold at all time points when compared with the sham-operation group, and cleaved caspase-3 by 4 fold. Although TFF3 expression was modestly increased for 6 hours after the onset of CLP, it appeared to decline at 24 hours and 48 hours as shown by Western blot. A similar tendency was observed upon TGF-β1, i.e. the protein level was not elevated at 24 hours and 48 hours, but increased modestly at 6 hours.CONCLUSIONS:Sepsis from CLP shows less restitution on the surface of injured intestinal mucosa. There is evidence that both constant inflammatory reaction and epithelial cell apoptosis may affect mucosal reestablishment of the intestine at the onset of sepsis. Mucosa after severe sepsis showed the state of high inflammation, and declined goblet cell function and mucosal reconstruction, which affected the repair of damaged intestinal barrier. Constant inflammatory reaction, and declined goblet cell function and mucosal reconstruction ability may affect the reestablishment of intestinal mucosa at the onset of sepsis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in a mouse model of sepsis

Chang¹,

Li²,

Chang³

et al. 2013

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…Thus it could enable hepatic cells maintain its normal oxygen and energy metabolism, [10] decrease the damage from oxygen radicals, and decrease the level of microcirculation dysfunction or epithelial damage. [11,12] We found that hepatic ATP enzyme activity in the LT group increased more significantly than that in the NT group. We thought that hepatic cells may have enough energy reserve during the hypothermia state, thus inhibiting the production of oxygen radicals, lowering their activity, and preserving the activity of metabolic enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effects of hypothermia on the liver in a swine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Han¹,

Song²,

Tong³

et al. 2013

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND:The study aimed to explore the effects of hypothermia state induced by 4 ºC normal saline (NS) on liver biochemistry, enzymology and morphology after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in swine. METHODS:After 4 minutes of ventricular fibrillation (VF), standard CPR was carried out. Then the survivors were divided into two groups: low temperature group and normal temperature group. The low temperature (LT) group (n=5) received continuously 4 ºC NS at the speed of 1.33 mL/kg per minute for 22 minutes, then at the speed lowering to 10 mL/kg per hour. The normal temperature (NT) group (n=5) received NS with normal room temperature at the same speed of the LT group. Hemodynamic status and oxygen metabolism were monitored and the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in blood samples obtained at baseline and at 10 minutes, 2 hours and 4 hours after ROSC. At 24 hours after ROSC, the animals were killed and the liver was removed to determine the Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase enzyme activities and histological changes under a light or electron microscope. RESULTS:Core temperature was decreased in the LT group (P<0.05), while HR, MAP and CPP were not signifi cantly decreased (P>0.05) compared with the NT group (P>0.05). The oxygen extraction ratio was lower in the LT group than in the NT group (P<0.05). The serum levels of ALT, AST and LDH increased in both groups but not signifi cantly in the LT group. The enzyme activity of liver ATP was much higher in the LT group (Na + -K + -ATP enzyme: 8.64±3.32 U vs. 3.28±0.71 U; Ca 2+ -ATP enzyme: 10.92±2.12 U vs. 2.75±0.78 U, P<0.05). The LT group showed less cellular edema, infl ammation and few damaged mitochondria as compared with the NT group.CONCLUSION: These data suggested that infusing 4 ºC NS continuously after ROSC could quickly lower the core body temperature, while maintaining a stable hemodynamic state and balancing oxygen metabolism, which protect the liver in terms of biochemistry, enzymology and histology after CPR.

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Induced functional modulations of isolated large mammalian hearts

Howard

Iaizzo

2019

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

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Effects of environmental hypothermia on hemodynamics and oxygen dynamics in a conscious swine model of hemorrhagic shock

Cited by 4 publications

References 31 publications

Repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in a mouse model of sepsis

Repair of damaged intestinal mucosa in a mouse model of sepsis

Effects of hypothermia on the liver in a swine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Induced functional modulations of isolated large mammalian hearts

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