Effects of epibenthic predators in flow: transport and mortality of juveniles of the soft shell clam Mya arenaria

Hunt, Heather L.

doi:10.3354/meps279151

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…m -2 ) juvenile Mya arenaria were dropped onto the sediment surface and allowed to burrow for 30 min to standardize the number of clams occurring in each core. This burial time was chosen based on previous flume experiments with juvenile M. arenaria (Dunn et al 1999, Hunt 2004). All clams burrowed within this time (most within 5 min) or attached firmly to the amphipod tubes (the tube mat prevented burrowing into the sediment for cores from Sites 2 and 4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Differences among sites in transport of juvenile bivalves may be generated by both physical and biological factors, particularly those that influence sediment erosion. For example, studies of juvenile Mya arenaria indicate that erosion rate often increases with increasing shear velocity (Roegner et al 1995, Dunn et al 1999, Gulmann et al 2001 and that disturbance of the sediment by mud snails Ilyanassa obsoleta (Dunn et al 1999) and shrimp Crangon septemspinosa (Hunt 2004) increases rates of sediment transport and, consequently, juvenile M. arenaria transport. Sediment erodability is known to be affected by a number of factors, including variation in water flow (and consequently shear stress on the bottom), sediment grain size and the local biological community.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of sediment source and flow regime on clam and sediment transport

Hunt¹

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Erosion and transport of juvenile benthic invertebrates, including bivalves, has the potential to alter patterns of distribution and abundance during the early postsettlement period. Field observations indicate that there is often great spatial variability in rates of transport of juvenile bivalves. Differences in transport among sites may arise from both physical and biological causes, including variation in water flow, sediment grain size, and the local biological community. In this study, an experiment was conducted in a laboratory flume to examine the effect of sediment source (4 subtidal sites in the Navesink River estuary, New Jersey, USA) and flow velocity on rates of transport of juvenile Mya arenaria and Gemma gemma. Rates of erosion of M. arenaria were significantly related to sediment volume eroded, suggesting that dispersal at high flow speeds is linked to bedload transport. Sediment erosion and clam transport was lower for sediment cores from the 2 sites where the sediment was covered by a mat of amphipod Ampelisca abdita tubes. Reduction of the tube mat resulted in a small but significant increase in sediment erosion. The results of this study and comparison of shear velocities between the laboratory and the field suggest that both the presence of an amphipod mat and low shear velocities will result in low rates of transport of sediment and juvenile clams in the field.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sediment source and flow regime on clam and sediment transport

Hunt¹

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The experiment was conducted in the counter-rotating annular flumes at Rutgers University's Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences. These flumes have been described in detail elsewhere (Hentschel 2004, Hunt 2004. Four identical counter-rotating annular flumes allow multiple flumes to be run simultaneously during a controlled experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth rates of interface-feeding polychaetes: combined effects of flow speed and suspended food concentration

Hentschel

Larson²

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Most spionid polychaetes switch from deposit feeding to suspension feeding as the current speed and the flux of suspended food particles increase. Previous experiments testing the effects of flow on the growth rates of facultative, interface feeders have been limited to a single concentration of suspended food. We performed an experiment in counter-rotating annular flumes set to one of 3 flow speeds and 2 concentrations of suspended microalgae. This design allowed the horizontal flux of algae (i.e. concentration multiplied by current speed) to be manipulated by 2 independent means. The relative growth rates of Polydora cornuta and Streblospio benedicti were measured during a series of 3 d runs in replicate flumes set to each of the 6 food-flow treatments. Sediment collected from the worms' field site was added to each flume as a food source for deposit-feeding worms. The 3 flow speeds (U 5mm = 3, 6, or 12 cm s -1 , where U 5mm = velocity measured 5 mm above bottom) were all slower than the sediment's critical erosion velocity (U 5mm = 13 cm s -1 ; shear velocity U * = 0.9 cm s -1 ). P. cornuta grew significantly faster as flow increased in the lower algal concentration, but not in the higher one. The higher algal concentration led to faster growth of P. cornuta at the 2 slower flows, but there was no effect of algal concentration at the fastest flow speed. Overall, the growth rate of P. cornuta increased as the horizontal flux of suspended food increased up to a value that led to a maximal growth rate, regardless of whether the flux of suspended food was manipulated by flow speed or by algal concentration. In contrast, S. benedicti did not show significant relationships between growth rate and either flow speed, algal concentration, or the overall flux of suspended food. The data demonstrate that the juvenile growth rates of some interface-feeding spionids, such as P. cornuta, can be tied strongly to hydrodynamic conditions that favor passive suspension feeding, while the growth rates of other interface-feeding spionids, such as S. benedicti, can be less sensitive to flow.KEY WORDS: Benthic boundary layer · Deposit feeding · Flume · Growth rate · Polydora · Spionid polychaete · Streblospio · Suspension feeding Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Annular flumes are used a lot in sedimentology, and some of the modern versions are provided with counter-rotating bottoms or channels to reduce these secondary flows (Yang et al 2000). However, even in such flumes, secondary flows are not avoided altogether (Hunt 2004) and for certain applications, particularly in biology, such engineering features may be impractical. Annular flumes have been deployed in situ, on intertidal mudflats to study the interaction of sediments with benthic fauna and flora (Droppo and Amos 2001;Widdows et al 1998).…”

Section: Straight Versus Curved Test Sectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Making water flow: a comparison of the hydrodynamic characteristics of 12 different benthic biological flumes

Jonsson¹,

Duren²,

Amielh³

et al. 2006

Aquat Ecol

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Flume tanks are becoming increasingly important research tools in aquatic ecology, to link biological to hydrodynamical processes.There is no such thing as a ''standard flume tank'', and no flume tank is suitable for every type of research question. A series of experiments has been carried out to characterise and compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of 12 different flume tanks that are designed specifically for biological research. These facilities are part of the EU network BioFlow. The flumes could be divided into four basic design types: straight, racetrack, annular and field flumes. In each facility, two vertical velocity profiles were 2006 measured: one at 0.05 m s -1 and one at 0.25 m s -1 . In those flumes equipped with Acoustic Doppler Velocimeters (ADV), time series were also recorded for each velocity at two heights above the bottom: 0.05 m and 20% of the water depth. From these measurements turbulence characteristics, such as TKE and Reynolds stress, were derived, and autocorrelation spectra of the horizontal along-stream velocity component were plotted. The flume measurements were compared to two sets of velocity profiles measured in the field.Despite the fact that some flumes were relatively small, turbulence was fully developed in all channels. Straight and racetrack flumes generally produced boundary layers with a clearly definable logarithmic layer, similar to measurements in the field taken under steady flow conditions. The two annular flumes produced relatively thin boundary layers, presumably due to secondary flows developing in the curved channels. The profiles in the field flumes also differed considerably from the expected log profile. This may either have been due the construction of the flume, or due to unsteady conditions during measurement. Constraints imposed by the different flume designs on the suitability for different types of boundary layer research, as well as scaling issues are discussed.

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Effects of epibenthic predators in flow: transport and mortality of juveniles of the soft shell clam Mya arenaria

Cited by 22 publications

References 44 publications

Effects of sediment source and flow regime on clam and sediment transport

Effects of sediment source and flow regime on clam and sediment transport

Growth rates of interface-feeding polychaetes: combined effects of flow speed and suspended food concentration

Making water flow: a comparison of the hydrodynamic characteristics of 12 different benthic biological flumes

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