Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on thermogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in brown adipose tissues of diet-induced obese mice

Moon

Chemistry & Biodiversity

et al. 2019

Catechins in green tea are well‐known to be effective in reducing the risk of obesity. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of catechins present in green tea on adipocyte differentiation and mature adipocyte metabolism. Treatment of 3T3‐L1 mouse adipocyte during differentiation adipocytes with (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) and gallic acid (GA) resulted in dose‐dependent inhibition of adipogenesis. Specifically, EGC increased adiponectin and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) transcription in mature adipocytes. Transcription levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) were not significantly impacted by either of the compounds. These results suggest that the EGC is the most effective catechin having anti‐obesity activity. Finally, EGC is an attractive candidate component for remodeling obesity.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Epigallocatechin Exerts Anti‐Obesity Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Moon

Chemistry & Biodiversity

et al. 2019

“…Plant‐based bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables have been found to inhibit lipogenesis while promoting brown and beige adipocyte development and thermogenesis and are therefore considered novel nutritional intervention strategies in the prevention of obesity and its related chronic diseases. Mechanisms underlying the anti‐obesogenic activities of some polyphenols, including epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, quercetin, and curcumin have been investigated in in vitro, in vivo, and human clinical studies. While anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer activities of polyphenols such as GTs and their derivatives (GA and PG) have been examined in breast cancer and colitis models, investigation of these polyphenols in obesity seems to be limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gallotannins and Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 Mitigate High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Inflammation and Induce Biomarkers for Thermogenesis in Adipose Tissue in Gnotobiotic Mice

Fang

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

Yanagisawa

et al. 2019

Scope: Intestinal microbial metabolites from gallotannins (GT), including gallic acid (GA) and pyrogallol (PG), may possess potential anti-obesogenic properties. Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) found in the intestinal microbiome encodes for enzymatic activities that metabolize GT into GA and PG. Anti-obesogenic activities of orally administered GT in the presence or absence of L. plantarum is examined in gnotobiotic mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Methods and results: Germ-free (GF) C57BL/6J mice are divided into three groups, GF control, GF gavaged with GT, and mice colonized with L. plantarum and gavaged with GT. Compared to the control, GT decreases the expressions of lipogenic genes (e.g., fatty acid synthase (FAS)) in epididymal white adipose tissue and increases thermogenic genes (e.g., nuclear factor erythroid-2-like 1 (Nfe2l1)) in interscapular brown adipose tissue. Intestinal colonization with L. plantarum enhances these effects, and mice colonized with L. plantarum exhibit lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), leptin and plasma insulin. Conclusions: Results indicate that GT and L. plantarum reduce HFD-induced inflammation, insulin resistance, and promote thermogenesis in adipose tissue potentially through the activity of GT-metabolizing bacterial enzymes yielding absorbable bioactive GT metabolites. These findings imply the potential role of prebiotic-probiotic interactions in the prevention of diet-induced metabolic disorders.

“…EGCG is one of the most abundant and potent polyphenols in green tea. As with other polyphenolic compounds, EGCG has been studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects [ 135 , 136 , 137 ]. When treated with EGCG for 16 weeks, mice placed on a HFD and 10% fructose solution resisted obesity development and displayed better CNS insulin sensitivity than HFD-fed obese control mice [ 138 ].…”

Section: Role Of Antioxidants/anti-inflammatory Agents In the Cnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Underpinnings of Obesity: The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Brain

et al. 2020

Obesity prevalence is increasing at an unprecedented rate throughout the world, and is a strong risk factor for metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological/neurodegenerative disorders. While low-grade systemic inflammation triggered primarily by adipose tissue dysfunction is closely linked to obesity, inflammation is also observed in the brain or the central nervous system (CNS). Considering that the hypothalamus, a classical homeostatic center, and other higher cortical areas (e.g. prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, hippocampus, etc.) also actively participate in regulating energy homeostasis by engaging in inhibitory control, reward calculation, and memory retrieval, understanding the role of CNS oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity and their underlying mechanisms would greatly help develop novel therapeutic interventions to correct obesity and related comorbidities. Here we review accumulating evidence for the association between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, the main culprits responsible for oxidative stress and inflammation in various brain regions, and energy imbalance that leads to the development of obesity. Potential beneficial effects of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds on CNS health and obesity are also discussed.