Effects of episiotomy on bonding and mothers’ health

Karaçam, Zekiye; Eroğlu, Kafiye

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02727.x

Cited by 66 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The midwife who conducted the questioning did not know the technique that had been used and was also blinded to other patient data, except the patient's name, the room number, and the date of delivery. An analogous visual scale adopted from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network was used to quantify pain from 0 to 10, which was later grouped by categories: no pain (0), slight pain (1-3), and moderate/severe pain (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). In addition, the same system was used to quantify the presence of pain in repose, with movement, while sitting, and during micturition and defecation during the last 24 hours.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of women experience pain of short duration as a result of perineal repair after birth and some continue with long-term problems, such as sexual discomfort. [5][6][7][8] In addition to the extent of the trauma, the surgical skill, 9 the type of material used, 10 and the suture technique for perineal repair after childbirth can have an important effect on the magnitude and degree of morbidity experienced by women after repair.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous versus interrupted sutures for repair of episiotomy or second‐degree perineal tears: a randomised controlled trial

Valenzuela

Puente

Valero

et al. 2009

BJOG

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Objective To evaluate the repair techniques of continuous and interrupted methods for episiotomy or perineal tears.Design A randomised controlled trial.Setting The Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, a state hospital belonging to the community of Madrid.Sample Four hundred forty-five women who had undergone vaginal deliveries with episiotomies or second-grade tearing of the perineum between September 2005 and July 2007.Methods One group was repaired with continuous, nonlocking sutures involving the vagina, perineum, and subcutaneous tissues. The other group had continuous, locking sutures of the vagina, interrupted sutures in the perineal muscles, and interrupted transcutaneous sutures. The threads used for stitching were identical in both groups.Main outcome measures The participants were questioned regarding the sensation of pain and the use of painkillers on the second and the tenth days, and 3 months postpartum.Results When comparing the group with continuous suture to the group with interrupted sutures, the differences included less repair time (1 minute; P = 0.017) and less suture material used (relative risk [RR], 3.2, 95% CI: 2.6-4.0). The comparison of pain on the second and tenth days, and 3 months postpartum were not statistically different between the two techniques (RR, 1.08, 95% CI: 0.74-1.57; RR, 0.96, 95% CI: 0.59-1.55; and RR, 0.68, 95% CI: 0.19-2.46, respectively). ConclusionsAlthough we did not demonstrate that one technique was better than the other in the incidence of pain in the short or long term, we showed that episiotomy and perineal tear repairs with continuous suturing were quicker and used less suture material without an increase in complication than interrupted suturing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous versus interrupted sutures for repair of episiotomy or second‐degree perineal tears: a randomised controlled trial

Valenzuela

Puente

Valero

et al. 2009

BJOG

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“…Čtyři studie (31,32,33,34) porovnávaly, zda se ve výskytu močové inkontinence liší ženy s epiziotomií a ženy, kterým během porodu epiziotomie provedena nebyla. Nebyl nalezen rozdíl ve výskytu močové inkontinence u žen po šestinedělí (31) a v prvním, druhém a šestém týdnu po porodu (32).…”

Section: Legenda: Ns (Not Significant) -Nesignifikantní Hodnota; or (unclassified

“…Nebyl nalezen rozdíl ve výskytu močové inkontinence u žen po šestinedělí (31) a v prvním, druhém a šestém týdnu po porodu (32). Ve dvou studiích (32,33) nebyl zjištěn rozdíl také ve třech měsících po porodu, ale podle studie autorů Chang et al (32) měly ženy s epiziotomií v tomto období častěji problémy s únikem moči než ženy bez epiziotomie.…”

Section: Legenda: Ns (Not Significant) -Nesignifikantní Hodnota; or (unclassified

Perineal trauma and its effect on the pelvic floor and urinary incontinence

Kramná¹,

Vrublová²

2016

Prof. online

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1Ústav ošetřovatelství a porodní asistence, Lékařská fakulta, Ostravská univerzita, Ostrava, Česká republika 2 Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, Lékařská fakulta, Ostravská univerzita, Ostrava, Česká republika ABSTRAKT Východiska: Vysoká prevalence močové inkontinence u žen představuje celosvětový problém. Častější výskyt problémů s únikem moči byl zaznamenán u žen po porodu. Některé studie zjistily souvislost mezi močovou inkontinencí a porodním poraněním. Cíl: Zjistit vliv porodního poranění hráze (epiziotomie, spontánní ruptury) na pánevní dno a močovou inkontinenci. Metody: K vyhledávání literárních zdrojů byly využity elektronické databáze Medline, Cinahl, Pub Med, Science Direct, Scopus, Medvik a elektronické vyhledávače Google a Google Scholar. Byly vyhledávány články v českém nebo anglickém jazyce. Při vyhledávání byla zadána klíčová slova: perineal trauma, episiotomy, childbirth, urinary incontinence. Celkem bylo dohledáno 21 studií: 1 metaanalýza, 3 systematická review, 2 randomizované kontrolované studie a 15 kohortových studií. Výsledky: Ženy s intaktní hrází měly silnější pánevní dno než ženy s porodním poraněním, přestože se významně nelišily ve výskytu močové inkontinence. Nebyla prokázána souvislost mezi močovou inkontinencí a rozsahem spontánního poranění. Epiziotomie nechrání pánevní dno a neredukuje výskyt močové inkontinence u žen po porodu. Závěr: Snahou porodníků a porodních asistentek by měla být maximální redukce porodních poranění hráze. V žádné studii nebyl ale prokázán pozitivní vliv epiziotomie na pánevní dno a snížení výskytu močové inkontinence, proto by v praxi měly být epiziotomie prováděny jen v indikovaných případech. ABSTRACTBackground: High prevalence of urinary incontinence in women is a worldwide problem. Higher incidence of problems with urinary incontinence was observed in women after childbirth. Some studies have found a connection between urinary incontinence and perineal trauma. Aim: To determine the influence of perineal trauma (episiotomy, spontaneous rupture) on the pelvic floor and urinary incontinence. Methods: In search for sources we used the electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Medvik, and the electronic search engines Google and Google Scholar. We searched for articles in Czech or English. The following keywords were used: perineal trauma, episiotomy, childbirth, urinary incontinence. A total of 21 studies were found: 1 meta-analysis, 3 systematic reviews, 2 randomized controlled trials, and 15 cohort studies. Results: Women with an intact perineum had a stronger pelvic floor than women with a perineal injury, although they did not differ significantly in the incidence of urinary incontinence. A relationship between urinary incontinence and the extent of a spontaneous injury has not been proved. Episiotomy does not protect the pelvic floor and does not reduce the incidence of urinary incontinence in women after childbirth. Conclusion: Obstetricians and midwives should maximally reduce perineal injuries. No study has yet proven a...

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“…Karaçam ve Eroğlu'nun (2003) yaptığı çalışmada; epizyotomi uygulanan grupta kontrol grubuna göre doğumun ikinci aşamasının süresinin uzadığı, spontan laserasyonların azaldığı, annenin dinlenme ve bebek ile bağ oluşturma zamanının uzadığı, doğumdan sonraki ilk günde ve birinci haftada daha fazla ağrı yaşandığı saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda epizyotominin endikasyon dışında kullanılmamasını önerilmiştir (Karaçam ve Eroğlu, 2003). Bu sonuçlar epizyotomi uygulamanın rutinden kaldırılması için konuya dikkat çe-kilmesini gerektirmektedir.…”

Section: Normal Doğumda Rutin Epizyotomi Uygulamasıunclassified