Effects of Equine-Assisted Therapies or Horse-Riding Simulators on Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Collado-Mateo, Daniel; Lavín-Pérez, Ana Myriam; Fuentes-García, Juan Pedro; García-Gordillo, Miguel Ángel; Villafaina, Santos

doi:10.3390/medicina56090444

Cited by 24 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, this is consistent with the results found in two reviews. Collado-Mateo et al [52] concluded that horse-riding simulators are a promising tool to reduce pain intensity in low back patients, but the interpretation of the results must be performed with extreme caution due to the large heterogeneity, the low number of studies, and the potential risk of bias. Ren et al [53] also found significant differences in favor of horse simulator riding compared with control in pain intensity postintervention and severity of disability in people with CLBP.…”

Section: Discussion With Other Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Brea-Gómez

Torres‐Sánchez

Ortíz‐Rubio

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Virtual reality (VR) can present advantages in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of VR in chronic low back pain. This review was designed according to PRISMA and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020222129). Four databases (PubMed, Cinahl, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched up to August 2021. Inclusion criteria were defined following PICOS recommendations. Methodological quality was assessed with the Downs and Black scale and the risk of bias with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Fourteen studies were included in the systematic review and eleven in the meta-analysis. Significant differences were found in favor of VR compared to no VR in pain intensity postintervention (11 trials; n = 569; SMD = −1.92; 95% CI = −2.73, −1.11; p < 0.00001) and followup (4 trials; n = 240; SDM = −6.34; 95% CI = −9.12, −3.56; p < 0.00001); and kinesiophobia postintervention (3 trials; n = 192; MD = −8.96; 95% CI = −17.52, −0.40; p = 0.04) and followup (2 trials; n = 149; MD = −12.04; 95% CI = −20.58, −3.49; p = 0.006). No significant differences were found in disability. In conclusion, VR can significantly reduce pain intensity and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain after the intervention and at followup. However, high heterogeneity exists and can influence the consistency of the results.

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Section: Discussion With Other Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Brea-Gómez

Torres‐Sánchez

Ortíz‐Rubio

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…This was suggested in a previous similar meta-analysis study which showed promising outcomes of both equine-assisted therapies and horse-riding simulators; however, they requested more studies to compare the effects of equine-assisted therapies and horse-riding simulators. 42 Well-conducted randomised controlled trials are needed to assess these factors and the combination of different ages, ethnicity and other variants of subjects;…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, psychological, physiological and psychosocial results with equine‐assisted therapies and horse‐riding simulators are needed to be clarified. This was suggested in a previous similar meta‐analysis study which showed promising outcomes of both equine‐assisted therapies and horse‐riding simulators; however, they requested more studies to compare the effects of equine‐assisted therapies and horse‐riding simulators 42 . Well‐conducted randomised controlled trials are needed to assess these factors and the combination of different ages, ethnicity and other variants of subjects; since our meta‐analysis study could not answer whether different ages, ethnicity and gender are associated with the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse‐riding simulators in treatment of chronic low back pain: A meta‐analysis

Ren

Liu²,

Zhang

2021

Int J Clin Pract

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Background: The use of horse-riding simulators in the treatment of chronic low back pain has drawn considerable attention for its efficacy and acceptability to reduce chronic low back pain; because of the similarities in movements provided by equineassisted therapies and the possible accessibility advantages. However, the results are conflicting. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to assess the impact of treatments based on horse-riding simulators on chronic low back pain.Methods: A systematic literature search up to January 2021 was performed and 11 studies were detected with 543 subjects with chronic low back pain at the baseline of the study, 257 of them were using horse-riding simulators, and 255 of them were inactive control group who continued their usual care, and similar kind of physical therapy (control). They reported a comparison between horse-riding simulators and control to reduce chronic low back pain. Mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated assessing the impact of treatments based on horse-riding simulators on chronic low back pain using the continuous method with a random or fixed-effect model. Results: Significantly higher change-from-baseline pain outcomes was observed inVisual Analogue Scale (MD, −4.36; 95% CI, −6.24 to −2.30, P < .001), and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire change-from-baseline (MD, −2.32; 95% CI, −3.52 to −1.12, P < .001) with horse-riding simulators compared with control. Conclusions:Using horse-riding simulators may lower the risk of chronic low back pain. This relationship forces us to recommend the use of horse-riding simulators to avoid any complications that could occur with chronic low back pain.How to cite this article: Ren C, Liu T, Zhang J. Horse-riding simulators in treatment of chronic low back pain: A meta-

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“…A meta-analysis of seven studies showed that exercise training reduced fear-avoidance behaviours; 11 another meta-analysis of five studies showed that horse riding simulator exercise training reduced pain intensity, yet concluded evidence was lacking for real horse riding (equine-assisted therapy). 12 Additionally, evidence from a recent randomised clinical trial showed that while beneficial for reducing pain intensity, disability and fear avoidance, 13 Evidence for integrating exercise training into the multidisciplinary management of non-specific chronic low back pain strength and conditioning exercise training program did not improve the health of degenerated intervertebral discs in a cohort of patients with non-specific CLBP. 14…”

Section: Evidence Basementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for integrating exercise training into the multidisciplinary management of non-specific chronic low back pain

Owen¹,

Miller²,

Mundell³

et al. 2021

Aust J Gen Pract

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Effects of Equine-Assisted Therapies or Horse-Riding Simulators on Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 24 publications

References 45 publications

Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Horse‐riding simulators in treatment of chronic low back pain: A meta‐analysis

Evidence for integrating exercise training into the multidisciplinary management of non-specific chronic low back pain

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