Effects of erosion and abrasion on resin‐matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials: An in vitro investigation

Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of erosion and abrasion on resin‐matrix ceramic CAD/CAM materials [CERASMART (GC); VITA ENAMIC (VITA Zahnfabrik); Lava Ultimate (3 M)] in comparison to feldspar ceramic (VITABLOCS Mark II, VITA Zahnfabrik) and resin composite materials (ceram.x universal, Dentsply Sirona). Daily brushing and acid exposure were simulated using a brushing apparatus and a solution of 0.5 vol% citric acid. Microhardness, surface roughness, and substance loss were measured at baseline and after simulation of 1 and 3 years of function. All materials showed a decrease in microhardness after 3 years and an increase in surface roughness (Ra) after 1 and 3 years. The Ra increase was statistically significantly lower for the resin‐matrix ceramics than for feldspar ceramic and similar to composite material. After 3 years, only feldspar ceramic showed no significant substance loss. In conclusion, resin‐matrix ceramics demonstrate reduced roughening compared to feldspar ceramics, potentially improving restoration longevity by preventing plaque buildup, but differences in abrasion resistance suggest the need for further material‐specific research. Future research should aim to replicate clinical conditions closely and to transition to in vivo trials.