Effects of estradiol on the virulence traits of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Abstract

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been strongly associated to active periodontitis sites. A number of studies have tried to elucidate the association between female steroid sex hormones and gingival health. However, until now, there is limited knowledge on estradiol effects on the virulence traits of P. gingivalis. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of estradiol exposure on the virulence characteristics of P. gingivalis strain W50. We found that a pre- and postmenopausal concentration of estradiol increased the growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis W50. We also found that estradiol increased the release of lysine and arginine gingipains from W50. We then showed that IL-1β, CXCL10 and TGF-β1 release from gingival epithelial cells was significantly lowered by W50 pre-exposed to estradiol compared to W50 alone. Real time-qPCR showed that the gene expression of IL-18, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1 and NLRP3 in gingival epithelial cells was significantly lowered by W50 pre-exposed to estradiol compared to W50 alone. We also found that estradiol in a dose-dependent manner increased P. gingivalis colonization and invasion of gingival epithelial cells. Taken together, our findings show that estradiol has the ability to alter the virulence traits of P. gingivalis.

Value of gingival crevicular fluid TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels during menopause

“…31 Estrogen modulates immune-inflammatory responses, either with their receptors expressed by immune cells, 32 or in the presence of microbial stimuli, by altering the virulence characteristics of bacteria. 33 Decreased estrogen levels accounted for higher serum levels of some inflammatory mediators in the postmenopausal period. 34,35 The effect of estrogen deficiency on the GCF cytokine content in the presence of periodontal inflammation were investigated by Reinhardt et al, with lower levels of GCF IL-1β in progressive periodontitis sites of estrogensufficient individuals being reported, compared to estrogen-deficient individuals.…”

“…Estrogen modulates immune‐inflammatory responses, either with their receptors expressed by immune cells, 32 or in the presence of microbial stimuli, by altering the virulence characteristics of bacteria 33 . Decreased estrogen levels accounted for higher serum levels of some inflammatory mediators in the postmenopausal period 34,35 .…”

The dynamic relationship of gut microbiota with sex hormones in systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Progesterone was shown to increase the growth of Prevotella intermedius and oral Bacteroides species in a cell-level study performed in the 1980s [ 16 ].…”

Factores de virulencia de los componentes de Porphyromona gingivalis: una revisión narrativa

“…Estos datos demuestran que las enfermedades bucales y sus consecuencias, son problemas de salud pública que deben enfrentar los sistemas de salud del mundo. La cavidad bucal es un ecosistema altamente complejo que comprende más de 700 especies de bacterias, en el que las superficies, tanto de los órganos dentarios como los tejidos blandos e incluso las prótesis, ofrecen nichos ecológicos de distinta índole para la colonización de microorganismos (2,3). Debido a la alta presencia bacteriana, también es altamente probable desarrollar alguna enfermedad bucal donde podemos encontrar que algunos hábitos y conductas puedan favorecer a la aparición de alguna patología a nivel bucal.…”