Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Different Immune Cells Related to Multiple Sclerosis

Background: The roles of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in breast cancer and breast lymphoma by transfecting EBV DNA have been indicated in different studies, but few investigations have been conducted on its roles in recurrence of breast cancer. Here, we aimed to evaluate the roles of EBV in recurrent breast cancer tissue. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study that was performed in 2020–2021 in Isfahan on patients with breast cancer. The study population consisted of 30 tissue samples from recurrent breast cancer and 30 samples from nonrecurrent breast cancer. We collected demographic data of patients including age using a checklist. Other collected data were type of cancer, stages of cancer, tumor size in greatest dimension, lymph node involvements, and presence of metastasis. Furthermore, we evaluated all of the pathology samples from both groups for the presence of DNA of EBV and compared the data of both groups. Results: The DNA of EBV was positive in 8 patients of the relapsed group (26.6%) and 7 patients in the nonrelapsed patients (23.3%). There was no significant difference between two groups regarding positive DNA of EBV (P = 0.39). There were no significant differences between two groups of positive DNA of EBV with and without recurrent breast cancer regarding type of cancer (P = 0.63), stage of cancer (P = 0.19), tumor size in greatest dimension (P = 0.31), mean lymph node involvement (P = 0.27), number of lymph node involvement (P = 0.43), and metastasis (P = 0.69). Conclusion: EBV might have no significant role in recurrence of breast cancer.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Relative Frequency of Epstein–Barr Virus Infection in Patients with Recurrent Breast Cancer Compared with Patients with Nonrecurrent Breast Cancer

Samani

Safaee

Nematollahi

et al. 2023

“…Evaluations of pain and blood gas indexes also showed significant improvements in patients receiving intercostal blockade. [ 19 ] Agamohammdi et al . also investigated the beneficial effects of bupivacaine administration for pain control in patients with multiple rib fractures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Effectiveness of Bupivacaine Administration through Chest Tube and Intercostal Blockage in Patients with Rib Fractures

Yazdani¹,

Nasr-Esfahani²,

Kolahdouzan³

et al. 2022

Background: There are several methods to control pain, especially in traumatic patients with rib fractures. Intrapleural analgesia (IPA) and intercostal block methods are recommended in patients with rib fractures to control pain. Here, we aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of IPA and intercostal block on patients’ clinical conditions. Materials and Methods: This is a randomized clinical trial that was performed in 2020–2021 on thirty traumatic patients with rib fractures. We collected the results of arterial blood gas in all patients before interventions including HCO3, pH, pO2, and pCO2 and also evaluated pain of patients. The first group underwent intercostal blockade with standard method with bupivacaine, and for the second group of patients, a chest tube was implanted. Patients were monitored for up to 12 h for pain intensity and need for analgesics. Results: The mean levels of HCO3 decreased in both groups after the interventions, and this decrease was more significant in patients in the intercostal blockade group ( P < 0.05). The mean levels of pO2 increased in both groups after interventions, especially in patients in the intercostal blockade group ( P < 0.05). The mean pCO2 levels also decreased in both groups ( P < 0.05). The mean pain intensity in both groups decreased significantly after the intervention ( P < 0.05) and also the mean pain intensity in the intercostal blocking group decreased significantly more than the group treated with chest tube ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intercostal blockade through bupivacaine is more effective than chest tube administration of bupivacaine in patients with rib fractures.

“…For the second trimester, serum levels of human choriogonadotropin (HCG), alpha photoprotein (AFP), inhibin A, and estriol can be measured. [ 4 5 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Relationship between Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A (PAPP-A) and Pregnancy Outcomes

Shahsavandi

Movahedi

Khanjani

et al. 2023

Background: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the association between pregnancy-related plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) levels measured in the first trimester and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study that was performed in 2019--2021 on 1061 pregnant women in their first trimester. Demographic and basic information of all women were collected. These data included age, weight, parity, and date of delivery. Then the quantity of PAPP-A was recorded in three groups including less than 0.5 MOM, 0.5 to 2.5 MOM, and more than 2.5 MOM. Results: Data of 1061 women were analyzed. 900 women (84.8%) had term delivery and 155 women (14.6%) had pre-term deliveries. PAPP-A levels were normal in 83.4% of women. BMI and number of pregnancies had significant relationships with PAPP-A ( p < 0.001, P = 0.03 respectively). The mean BMI in mothers with PAPP-A higher than 2.5 was significantly more than mothers with normal or lower PAPP-A levels (26.2 ± 31, P = 0.04). The frequency of term labor in mothers with normal PAPP-A was higher than other mothers (86.3%, P = 0.04). The frequency of preeclampsia in recent pregnancies in mothers with normal PAPP-A was significantly lower than other mothers ( p < 0.001) and the frequency of abortions in recent pregnancies in mothers with PAPP-A less than 0.5 was significantly higher than mothers with normal or elevated PAPP-A ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Mothers with low PAPP-A levels are more likely to have poor pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, pre-term labor, and preeclampsia.