Effects of Ethanol Cincau (Cyclea Barbata Miers) Leaves Extract on Macrophage Migration on Burn Wound

Abstract

Objective: Macrophages are essential cells in burn wound healing. The primary function of macrophages is phagocytosis of microbes and necrosis tissue. Migration of macrophages into the wound area is affected by interleukin-1 (IL-1). Ethanol extract of Cincau or green grass jelly leaves or Cyclea barbata Miers contains pectin, flavonoids, and alkaloids. These compounds influence the inflammatory process. The purpose of this study was to reveal the effect of ethanol Cincau leaves extract on the expression of IL-1 and the number of macrophages in second degree burn wounds tissue.
 Methods: This study used 30 rats divided into six groups based on different treatments: NaCl 0.9% (K), silver sulfadiazine/(SSD) (P1), hydrogels (P2), Cincau extract 40% (P3), Cincau extract 50% (P4), and Cincau extract 60% (P5). Treatment was conducted over 4 days. On the 5th day, burn wounds tissues were taken, then immunohistochemistry staining was applied.
 Results: One-way ANOVA test on the expression of IL-1 showed a difference among groups (p<0.05) and on the number of macrophages (p<0.05). Post hoc tests on the expression of IL-1 showed Cincau extracts 40% and 50% treated-groups significantly differ with the NaCl 0.9% group but not with hydrogel treated group. The similar result showed Cincau extracts 40% and 50% treated-groups significantly differ from the control group but not with SSD and hydrogel groups.
 Conclusions: It can be concluded that ethanol extract of Cincau leaves can decrease IL-1 expression and increase the number of macrophages which have an important role in inflammation resolution of burn wounds.