Effects of ethnicity, gender, obesity, and age on central fat distribution: Comparison of dual x-ray absorptiometry measurements in white, black, and Puerto Rican adults

Marcus, Matthew A.; Wang, Jack; Pi‐Sunyer, F. Xavier; Thornton, John C.; Kofopoulou, Ignatia; Pierson, Richard N.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6300(1998)10:3<361::aid-ajhb11>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This might be related to the differences in fat distribution, with men typically having an android distribution of fat, which is concentrated around the abdomen and upper body, compared with the gynoid distribution that is common in women where fat is increased around the hips and thighs. 24 An android fat distribution may result in a stronger impact of biomechanical factors related to spinal loading causing higher compressive force on lumbar spine structures on the development of low back pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Obesity and Low Back Pain and Disability Is Affected by Mood Disorders

et al. 2016

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Low back pain (LBP) and obesity are major public health problems; however, the relationship between body composition and low back pain in men is unknown. This study aims to examine the association between body composition and LBP and disability in a population-based sample of men, as well as the factors that may affect this relationship.Nine hundred seventy-eight male participants from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were invited to participate in a follow-up study in 2006. Participants completed questionnaires on sociodemographics and health status. Low back pain was determined using the validated Chronic Back Pain Grade Questionnaire and the presence of an emotional disorder was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Body composition was measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry.Of the 820 respondents (84% response rate), 124 (15%) had high-intensity low back pain and/or disability (back pain). Low back pain was associated with higher body mass index (28.7 ± 0.4 vs 27.3 ± 0.2 kg/m2, P = 0.02) and waist–hip ratio (0.97 ± 0.006 vs 0.96 ± 0.006, P = 0.04), with increased tendency toward having a higher fat mass index (8.0 vs 7.6 kg/m2, P = 0.08), but not fat-free mass index (P = 0.68). The associations between back pain and measures of obesity were stronger in those with an emotional disorder, particularly for waist–hip ratio (P = 0.05 for interaction) and fat mass index (P = 0.06 for interaction).In a population-based sample of men, high-intensity LBP and/or disability were associated with increased levels of obesity, particularly in those with an emotional disorder. This provides evidence to support a biopsychosocial interaction between emotional disorders and obesity with low back pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association Between Obesity and Low Back Pain and Disability Is Affected by Mood Disorders

et al. 2016

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“…Stress and hypothalamic-pituitary imbalance has been suggested (Björntorp, 1993). Central fatness also increases with age (Marcus et al 1998). In addition, after the menopause women tend to put on fat more centrally.…”

Section: Body Fat Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, however, the hips are a problematical measurement. For instance, in African-Americans, the hips are smaller than those in Caucasian-Americans, making for a higher waist : hip ratio for a given amount of central fat (Marcus et al 1998). As a result of differences like these in various racial and ethnic groups, the waist : hip ratio has fallen into some disfavour.…”

Section: Body Fat Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity: criteria and classification

Pi‐Sunyer

2000

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

179

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Obesity is defined as an excess accumulation of body fat. To measure fat in the body accurately is difficult, and no method is easily available for routine clinical use. Traditionally, overweight and obesity have been evaluated by anthropometric measurement of weight-for-height. More recently, BMI has been used. The normal range is 19–24·9 kg/m2, overweight is 25–29·9 kg/m2, and obesity ≥ 30 kg/m2. Not only is the total amount of fat an individual carries important, but also where the fat is distributed in the body. Fat in a central or upper body (android) distribution is most related to health risk. The most accurate way to measure central obesity is by magnetic resonance imaging or computer-assisted tomography scanning, but this approach is too expensive for routine use. Simple anthropometric measurements can be used, such as waist circumference. A waist circumference of greater than 1020 mm in men and 880 mm in women is a risk factor for insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. There is a clear genetic predisposition for obesity. The genetic contribution to obesity is between 25 and 40 % of the individual differences in BMI. For the overwhelming majority of individuals, the genetic predisposition will not be defined by one gene, but by multiple genes. Eventually, classification of obesity may be done by genetic means, but this approach will require more knowledge.

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“…Caucasian females have specifically presented with higher accumulations of trunk, extremity, and total fat compared to Black and Hispanic females 10,11 . However, all findings are not in agreement as a separate analysis found that Black and Puerto Rican females have higher trunk fat when compared to Caucasian females 12 . Asian Indian males have repeatedly shown the highest amount of trunk fat accumulation compared to males of other ethnicities within the Asian‐Australian region 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…10,11 However, all findings are not in agreement as a separate analysis found that Black and Puerto Rican females have higher trunk fat when compared to Caucasian females. 12 Asian Indian males have repeatedly shown the highest amount of trunk fat accumulation compared to males of other ethnicities within the Asian-Australian region. 13,14 In contrast, Caucasian males have greater amounts of visceral fat compared to Black males in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach

Wong,

Asatiani,

Chávez‐Manzanera

et al. 2024

Clinical Obesity

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SummaryExcess fat on the body impacts obesity‐related co‐morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross‐calibrated dataset of dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA)‐measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSFsegment = (FMsegment/(BMCsegment + LMsegment + FMsegment)) × 100. A total of 30 587 adults (N = 16 490 females) from 13 datasets were included. A regression model was used to examine differences in regional fat mass and PSF. All populations followed the same segmental fat mass accumulation in the ascending order with statistical significance (arms < legs < trunk), except for Hispanic/Latinx males (arms < [legs = trunk]). Relative fat accumulation patterns differed between those with greater PSF in the appendages (Arab, Mexican, Asian, Black, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian females; Black males) and those with greater PSF in the trunk (Mexican, Asian, American Caucasian, European Caucasian, and Australasian Caucasian males). Greater absolute and relative fat accumulation in the trunk could place males of most ethnicities in this study at a higher risk of visceral fat deposition and associated co‐morbidities.

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Effects of ethnicity, gender, obesity, and age on central fat distribution: Comparison of dual x-ray absorptiometry measurements in white, black, and Puerto Rican adults

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

The Association Between Obesity and Low Back Pain and Disability Is Affected by Mood Disorders

The Association Between Obesity and Low Back Pain and Disability Is Affected by Mood Disorders

Obesity: criteria and classification

Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach

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