Effects of evaluative context in implicit cognitions associated with alcohol and violent behaviors

Abstract

IntroductionA large body of literature has substantiated the relationship between alcohol use and violent behaviors, but little consideration has been given to implicit interactions between the two. This study examines the implicit attitudes associated with alcoholic drinks and violent behaviors, and their relationship to explicit reports of problematic behaviors associated with alcohol use.MethodsThe Go/No-Go Association Task (GNAT; Nosek & Banaji, 2001) was used to test the effect of distracters (noise) on implicit cognitions associated with alcoholic drinks and violent behaviors. Data was collected from 148 students enrolled in a Midwestern university.ResultsIrrespective of contextual distractions, participants consistently exhibited negative implicit cognitions associated with violent behaviors. However, context impacted the valence of cognitions associated with alcoholic beverages. Implicit cognitions associated with alcoholic beverages were negative when nonalcoholic beverages were used as distracters, but were positive when licit and illicit drugs were used as distracters. Implicit cognitions associated with alcoholic drinks were correlated with implicit cognitions associated with violent behaviors and explicit measures of problem drinking, problem drug-related behaviors, and measures of craving, to name a few.ConclusionEvaluative context can have an effect on the expressed appraisal of implicit attitudes. Implications, limitations, and future directions for using the GNAT in addictions research are discussed.

Craving Moderates the Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Anger in Response to Social Stress Among Veterans With Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder

“…9 Even more, anger is a substantial barrier to treatment engagement among those with PTSD or AUD, 10 with various forms of anger and aggression being linked to alcohol craving. 11,12 However, relatively few studies have specifically examined anger in the context of pharmacological treatments for co-occurring PTSD and AUD. As increased attention is being given to developing medications to treat comorbid PTSD and AUD, 6 it is critical that this line of research considers how negative affective states, such as anger, may modify pharmacologic treatments.…”

“…Although anger is sometimes mitigated by successful PTSD treatment, 8 other studies show that anger commonly persists despite PTSD symptom reduction and diagnostic remission 9 . Even more, anger is a substantial barrier to treatment engagement among those with PTSD or AUD, 10 with various forms of anger and aggression being linked to alcohol craving 11,12 . However, relatively few studies have specifically examined anger in the context of pharmacological treatments for co-occurring PTSD and AUD.…”