Effects of evaporative cooling on reproductive performance and milk production of dairy cows in hot wet conditions

Khongdee, Sriapa; Chaiyabutr, Narongsak; Hinch, G. N.; Markvichitr, Kanchana; Vajrabukka, C.

doi:10.1007/s00484-006-0030-2

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our findings on CR (68.75% and 33.33% in shortterm cooled and control groups, respectively) are in consonance with the results (71.43% and 14.29% in evaporately cooled and non-cooled cows, respectively) reported by Khongdee et al (2006). Similar findings were also reported by Moghaddam et al (2009), who observed higher CRs (40-56.7%) in cooled compared to non-cooled (23.3%) Holstein heifers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…The heifers in short-term cooled group had lower body temperature compared to those in control group indicating that this method is efficient in maintaining normal body temperature around the time of AI. Earlier reports also suggest that cooling methods like wallowing, intermittent splashing of water (Singh et al 2005), evaporative cooling (Khongdee et al 2006;Moghaddam et al 2009) and direct watering with forced ventilation (Flamenbaum & Galon 2010) had ameliorative effect on rectal and body temperature. It has been reported that under thermal stress the blood flow in female animals increased in the proximity of the superficial vessels in detriment of the deep vessels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of short-term cooling on core body temperature, plasma cortisol and conception rate in Murrah buffalo heifers during hot-humid season

Verma

Prasad

Mohanty

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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The present investigation studied the effect of short-term cooling around the time of artificial insemination (AI) on body temperature, plasma cortisol and conception rate (CR) in Murrah buffalo heifers. Buffalo heifers (n = 25) were divided into two groups i.e. control group (n = 9) and short-term cooling group (n = 16). In both the groups, estrus synchronization using ovsynch protocol and fixed time AI was carried out. Heifers in short-term cooling group were kept in a specially designed air condition room from 3 h before to 3 h after AI. Blood samples were collected for estimation of cortisol and progesterone and rectal and vaginal temperatures were measured before 3 h of AI, at the time of AI and after 3 h of AI. At the time of AI and after 3 h of AI, both rectal and vaginal temperatures were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in heifers subjected to short-term cooling compared to control group. After 3 h of AI, cortisol levels were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in control group (5.023 ± 0.74 ng/ml) compared to short-term cooling group (1.061 ± 0.99 ng/ml). A trend of higher CR was observed in short-term cooling group compared to control group (68.75 vs. 33.33%, P = 0.087). It may be inferred that short-term cooling reduced the stress at the time of AI and improved the CR in Murrah buffalo heifers during hot-humid season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of short-term cooling on core body temperature, plasma cortisol and conception rate in Murrah buffalo heifers during hot-humid season

Verma

Prasad

Mohanty

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Animal Research

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“…Similar results were obtained by other Authors in analogous climate conditions when cows were cooled by evaporative cooling systems installed in the resting area (Khongdee et al, 2006;Calegari et al, 2012).…”

Section: Articlesupporting

confidence: 90%

Mitigating heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free-stall barn by sprinkler systems coupled with forced ventilation

D'Emilio¹,

Porto²,

Cascone³

et al. 2017

J Agricult Engineer

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This paper presents the results of a research study which had the objective of investigating the effect of a sprinkler system coupled with forced ventilation on the heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free stall barn without paddock. To this aim, an experiment was carried out inside a free-stall dairy house equipped with two different cooling systems: a fogging system associated with forced ventilation in the resting area and a sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation in the feeding alley. The experiment regarded two adjacent pens of the barn and was constituted by three different trials carried out in the following periods: 27 th June -7 th July (P1), 25 th July -4 th August (P2), 24 th August -3 rd September (P3). The experimental protocol of each trial required that the treatment group was housed in one pen where the two cooling systems were always activated following an established timetable, whereas the control group was housed in the other pen, where the sprinkler system associated with forced ventilation was always deactivated. Climatic parameters were measured inside each pen of the barn and outside. Then, thermal humidity index (THI) was calculated. Rectal temperature and respiration rate of a sample of dairy cows were monitored each day during the three periods considered (P1, P2 and P3). During the three trials the cows of both groups were subjected to climatic conditions that resulted in average daily THI values between 72.8 and 74.7, corresponding to mild or moderate heat stress. However, during daytime, air temperature and relative humidity reached values corresponding to a severe heat stress, as attested by the maximum THI values that were higher than or very close to 80. Furthermore, it was observed that the sprinklers do not influence the microclimatic conditions. However, the physiological parameters values of the treatment group were always significantly lower than the corresponding ones of the control group. Specifically, the system especially influenced the respiration rate that, in the treatment group, was close to 50 breath/min, while in the control group it reached 70 breath/min. The sprinkler system had more limited effects on rectal temperature that, however, in the treatment group was significantly lower than in the control group (38.7°C to 38.8°C vs 39.1°C to 39.4°C) in all the three periods of the experiment. These results show that the sprinkler system could be useful to mitigate heat stress in dairy cows.

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“…In general, spray cooling and evaporative cooling are dependent on the moisture holding capacity of ventilation air, but even humid environments can benefit (Table 3 in Hahn and Osburn 1969). Khongdee et al (2006) have shown specific benefits for dairy cows in hot humid conditions. Tunnel ventilation systems, characterized by a bank of fans on one end of the building with inlets on the opposite end, are designed to achieve a specific air speed to optimize convective heat loss (Gooch and Stowell 2003;Bray et al 2003).…”

Section: Management Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock production system management responses to thermal challenges

2007

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The adaptive capabilities of animals and livestock production systems have been emphasized in this report. Biometeorology has a key role in rational management to meet the challenges of thermal environments. While the focus is primarily on cattle in warm or hot climates, the importance of dynamic animal responses to environmental challenges applies to all species and climates. Methods used to mitigate environmental challenges focus on heat loss/heat production balance. Under cold stress, reduction of heat loss is the key. Under heat stress, reduction of heat load or increasing heat loss are the primary management tools, although heat-tolerant animals are also available. In general, livestock with health problems and the most productive animals (e.g., highest growth rate or milk production) are at greatest risk of heat stress, thereby requiring the most attention. Risk management, by considering perceived thermal challenges, then assessing the potential consequences and acting accordingly, will reduce the impact of such challenges. Appropriate actions include: shade, sprinkling, air movement, or active cooling. Summarizing, the most important element of proactive environmental management to reduce risk is preparation: be informed, develop a strategic plan, observe and recognize animals in distress, and take appropriate tactical action.

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Effects of evaporative cooling on reproductive performance and milk production of dairy cows in hot wet conditions

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of short-term cooling on core body temperature, plasma cortisol and conception rate in Murrah buffalo heifers during hot-humid season

Effect of short-term cooling on core body temperature, plasma cortisol and conception rate in Murrah buffalo heifers during hot-humid season

Mitigating heat stress of dairy cows bred in a free-stall barn by sprinkler systems coupled with forced ventilation

Livestock production system management responses to thermal challenges

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