Effects of exam-room computing on clinician-patient communication

Frankel, Richard M.; Altschuler, Andrea; George, Sheba; Kinsman, J. M.; Jimison, Holly; Robertson, Nan; Hsu, John

doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0163.x

Cited by 205 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Negative EHR-related behaviors, such as poor eye contact and prolonged screen gazing, can undermine patient-centered communication [2,5]. Conversely, when communication is patient-centered, patient outcomes, understanding, and adherence to treatment, and cost utilization can improve [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating the human touch: piloting a curriculum for patient-centered electronic health record use

Lee

Alkureishi

Wroblewski

et al. 2017

Medical Education Online

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Background: Integrating electronic health records (EHRs) into clinical care can prevent physicians from focusing on patients. Despite rapid EHR adoption, few curricula teach communication skills and best practices for patient-centered EHR use. Objective: We piloted a ‘Patient-centered EHR use’ curriculum, consisting of a lecture and group-observed structured clinical examination (GOSCE) for second-year students (MS2s). Design: During the lecture, students watched a trigger tape video, engaged in a reflective observation exercise, and learned best practices. During the GOSCE, one of four MS2s interacted with a standardized patient (SP) while using the EHR. Third-year students (MS3s) received no formal training and served as a historical control group by completing the same OSCE individually. All students completed post-GOSCE/OSCE surveys. The SP evaluated GOSCE/OSCE performance. Results: In 2013, 89 MS2s participated in the workshop and GOSCEs during their required Clinical Skills course and 96 MS3s participated in individual OSCEs during their end of year multi-station formative GOSCE exercise. Eighty MS2s (90%) and 88 MS3s (92%) post-GOSCE/OSCE surveys were analyzed. Compared to MS3s, significantly more MS2s rated their knowledge (19% vs 55%) and training (14% vs 39%) as good (≥4/5 point scale, P < .001 for both). Most learners (85% MS2s and 70% MS3s) thought training should be required for all students. SP ratings on GOSCE/OSCE performance was higher for the 20 MS2s compared to the 88 MS3 controls (73.5 [SD = 4.5] vs 58.1 [SD = 13.1] on 80 point scale, P < .001). Conclusions: A short workshop and GOSCE were effective in teaching patient-centered EHR use. This curriculum is now a permanent part of our Clinical Skills course. Clerkship students who did not receive our curriculum may have been exposed to negative role-modeling on the wards. To address this, training residents and faculty on patient-centered EHR use skills should be considered. Abbreviations: EHR: Electronic health record; EHR: Electronic health record; SP: Standardized patient

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incorporating the human touch: piloting a curriculum for patient-centered electronic health record use

Lee

Alkureishi

Wroblewski

et al. 2017

Medical Education Online

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…29,30,50 Eight studies described variation in the amount and manner in which the EMR was used. 15,36,39,41,46,48,51,54 Four studies examined typing behaviors 33,37,42,48 and six reported on screen positioning, with only 8-10 % active screen sharing during the visit. 29,30,33,37,38,52 Interestingly, one study noted patients had a more positive attitude towards the EMR when they were shown the screen.…”

Section: Characterizing Emr Communication Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Electronic Medical Record Use on the Patient–Doctor Relationship and Communication: A Systematic Review

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUND: While Electronic Medical Record (EMR) use has increased dramatically, the EMR's impact on the patient-doctor relationship remains unclear. This systematic literature review sought to understand the impact of EMR use on patient-doctor relationships and communication.METHODS: Parallel searches in Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, reference review of prior systematic reviews, meeting abstract reviews, and expert reviews from August 2013 to March 2015 were conducted. Medical Subject Heading terms related to EMR use were combined with keyword terms identifying face-to-face patient-doctor communication. English language observational or interventional studies were included. Studies examining physician attitudes only were excluded. Structured data extraction compared study population, design, data collection method, and outcomes. RESULTS: Fifty-three of 7445 studies reviewed met inclusion criteria. Included studies used behavioral analysis (28) to objectively measure communication behaviors using video or direct observation and pre-post or crosssectional surveys to examine patient perceptions (25). Objective studies reported EMR communication behaviors that were both potentially negative (i.e., interrupted speech, low rates of screen sharing) and positive (i.e., facilitating questions). Studies examining overall patient perceptions of satisfaction, communication or the patient-doctor relationship (n=22) reported no change with EMR use (16); a positive impact (5) or showed mixed results (1). Study quality was not assessable. Small sample sizes limited generalizability. Publication bias may limit findings. DISCUSSION: Despite objective evidence that EMR use may negatively impact patient-doctor communication, studies examining patient perceptions found no change in patient satisfaction or patient-doctor communication. Therefore, our findings should encourage providers to adopt the EMR as a communication tool. Future research is needed to better understand how to enhance patientdoctor-EMR communication. This research should correlate observed physician behavior to patient satisfaction, focus on physician communication skills training, and explore inpatient experiences.

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“…Finally, organizations can support an equal power dynamic for SDM by arranging computers in the exam room to be visible to both clinicians and patients. [99][100][101][102][103] …”

Section: Physical Environment: Welcoming Visual Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model of Organizational Context and Shared Decision Making: Application to LGBT Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients

et al. 2016

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Shared decision making (SDM) occurs when patients and clinicians work together to reach care decisions that are both medically sound and responsive to patients' preferences and values. SDM is an important tenet of patient-centered care that can improve patient outcomes. Patients with multiple minority identities, such as sexual orientation and race/ethnicity, are at particular risk for poor SDM. Among these dualminority patients, added challenges to clear and open communication include cultural barriers, distrust, and a health care provider's lack of awareness of the patient's minority sexual orientation or gender identity. However, organizational factors like a culture of inclusion and private space throughout the visit can improve SDM with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (BLGBT^) racial/ethnic minority patients who have faced stigma and discrimination. Most models of shared decision making focus on the patient-provider interaction, but the health care organization's context is also critical. Context-an organization's structure and operations-can strongly influence the ability and willingness of patients and clinicians to engage in shared decision making. SDM is most likely to be optimal if organizations transform their contexts and patients and providers improve their communication. Thus, we propose a conceptual model that suggests ways in which organizations can shape their contextual structure and operations to support SDM. The model contains six drivers: workflows, health information technology, organizational structure and culture, resources and clinic environment, training and education, and incentives and disincentives. These drivers work through four mechanisms to impact care: continuity and coordination, the ease of SDM, knowledge and skills, and attitudes and beliefs. These mechanisms can activate clinicians and patients to engage in high-quality SDM. We provide examples of how specific contextual changes could make SDM more effective for LGBT racial/ethnic minority populations, focusing especially on transformations that would establish a safe environment, build trust, and decrease stigma.

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Effects of exam-room computing on clinician-patient communication

Cited by 205 publications

References 20 publications

Incorporating the human touch: piloting a curriculum for patient-centered electronic health record use

Incorporating the human touch: piloting a curriculum for patient-centered electronic health record use

Impact of Electronic Medical Record Use on the Patient–Doctor Relationship and Communication: A Systematic Review

A Model of Organizational Context and Shared Decision Making: Application to LGBT Racial and Ethnic Minority Patients

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