Effects of exercise and lifestyle modification on fitness, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content in obese children and adolescents

McCormack, Shana E.; McCarthy, Meaghan A.; Harrington, Samantha G.; Farilla, Loredana; Hrovat, Mirko I.; Systrom, David M.; Thomas, Bijoy J.; Torriani, Martin; McInnis, Kyle; Grinspoon, Steven; Fleischman, Amy

doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00180.x

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…38 Improvement in fasting insulin and IR can occur after exercise training in the absence of improvements in weight or body composition. 41 Short-term interventions may improve IR by acting peripherally to improve insulin sensitivity in the muscle, whereas long-term interventions may improve body composition and improve IR through other mechanisms. 62 Because our results suggest the length of the intervention may not significantly influence insulin response to training, further research is needed to thoroughly evaluate this hypothesis in children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 Articles published by June 25, 2013, were located by using searches of the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Physical Education Index, and Web of Science online databases using combinations of the terms adolescent, child, pediatric, youth, exercise training, physical activity, diabetes, insulin, randomized trial, and randomized controlled trial. Duplicate publications were removed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 IR was calculated by using fasting levels of insulin and glucose by using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) technique in each study included in this analysis. 22,25,31,32,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] A decrease in fasting insulin levels or IR among participants in exercise interventions resulted in a positive ES. Two authors (M.V.F.…”

Section: Es Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2014

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of obesity and diabetes is increasing among children, adolescents, and adults. Although estimates of the efficacy of exercise training on fasting insulin and insulin resistance have been provided, for adults similar estimates have not been provided for youth. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative estimate of the effectiveness of exercise training on fasting insulin and insulin resistance in children and adolescents.METHODS: Potential sources were limited to peer-reviewed articles published before June 25, 2013, and gathered from the PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Physical Education Index, and Web of Science online databases. Analysis was limited to randomized controlled trials by using combinations of the terms adolescent, child, pediatric, youth, exercise training, physical activity, diabetes, insulin, randomized trial, and randomized controlled trial. The authors assessed 546 sources, of which 4.4% (24 studies) were eligible for inclusion. Thirty-two effects were used to estimate the effect of exercise training on fasting insulin, with 15 effects measuring the effect on insulin resistance. Estimated effects were independently calculated by multiple authors, and conflicts were resolved before calculating the overall effect. RESULTS:Based on the cumulative results from these studies, a small to moderate effect was found for exercise training on fasting insulin and improving insulin resistance in youth (Hedges' d effect size = 0.48 [95% confidence interval: 0.22-0.74], P , .001 and 0.31 [95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.56], P , .05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS:These results support the use of exercise training in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Pediatrics 2014;133:e163-e174 Mr Fedewa conceptualized and designed the study, conducted the initial analysis, and drafted the initial manuscript; Dr Gist coded and analyzed effects and reviewed and revised the initial manuscript; Dr Evans assisted with conceptualizing and designing the study and reviewed and revised the initial manuscript; Dr Dishman assisted with conceptualizing and designing the study, performed additional statistical analysis, and critically reviewed and revised the initial manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted. The global prevalence of pediatric type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has paralleled the rise in obesity, increasing steadily since the late 1970s. 1 This endocrine disorder is caused by a combination of peripheral insulin resistance (IR) in muscle and adipose tissue and inadequate insulin secretion from the pancreas, eventually resulting in a relative insulin deficiency. 2 Early dysfunction in b-cell activity and cellular IR appear long before manifestation of the signs and symptoms of T2DM. 3 Deterioration of peripheral insulin sensitivity and b-cell dysfunction can be observed as the disease progresses in youth at risk for developing metabolic syndrome and T2DM. 4 Puberty is marked by a decrease in physical activity 5 and an incr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Es Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

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“…Having strategies in place is possible to improve the quality of life, reduce comorbidities and complications in the short and long term, and modification of lifestyle 5,6 . The benefits of aerobic exercise in obese children and adolescents have been documented and it has being associated with lower morbidity and mortality [7][8][9][10] . In particular, they are known for promoting the weight control, reduction of body fat and maintenance of lean body mass 7 , as well as, the improvement of glycemic profile 8 and lipid [8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits of aerobic exercise in obese children and adolescents have been documented and it has being associated with lower morbidity and mortality [7][8][9][10] . In particular, they are known for promoting the weight control, reduction of body fat and maintenance of lean body mass 7 , as well as, the improvement of glycemic profile 8 and lipid [8][9][10] . They are also known for improving the risk minimization disease like diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease, and the enhancement of cardiorespiratory fitness 10 and inflammatory profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Hip Hop Dance for obese children and adolescents: A systematic review

Tomio

Niehues

Souza

et al. 2014

Rev Bras Ativ Fis Saude

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The infant juvenile obesity is currently one of the most serious public health problems of the 21st century, being directly related to physical inactivity as a decisive factor in the worldwide epidemic. The programs of conventional workouts have become not so attractive for this particular population. Because of that the access and permanence in those structured physical activity programs for obese adolescents are difficult. This systematic review has the general goal to verify what benefits the systematic practice of hip hop dance, can promote in obese children and adolescents. The search for relevant articles was conducted in the electronic databases Medline (Pubmed), Cochrane, LILACS, SciELO from January through June 2014, being structured as [(hip hop /) and (obesity /) and (children/ adolescent), controlled and randomized trials were included regarding the systematic practice of hip hop dance as exercise and its benefits for obese children and adolescents, subjects aged 2-19, considered obese and/ or overweight. A total of 21 articles were identified in the survey. Based on the found eligible articles for the full review, only one article met all the inclusion criteria. This preliminary study is intended to broaden the context in health for adolescents and children suffering from overweight and/or obesity, recommending an intervention through dance hip hop, it would be an important modality association for possible monitoring and reducing the risk of associated comorbidities. In this field of research, there is a lack of studies of high methodological quality, which may be able to demonstrate the benefits of this type of intervention. KeywordsAerobic exercise; Dance therapy; Capacity aerobic. resumo A obesidade infanto-juvenil é atualmente um dos mais graves problemas de saúde pública do século 21, estando diretamente relacionada à inatividade física como um fator decisivo na epidemia mundial. Os programas de exercícios convencionais tornaram-se não tão atrativos para essa população específica. Por conta disto o acesso e permanência em programas de atividade física estruturados para adolescentes obesos são difíceis. Esta revisão sistemática tem o objetivo geral de verificar quais os benefícios que a prática sistemática de dança hip hop, pode promover em crianças e adolescentes obesos. A busca de artigos científicos foi realizada nas bases

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Exercise and Insulin Resistance Markers in Children and Adolescents With Excess Weight

García-Hermoso,

López-Gil,

Izquierdo

et al. 2023

JAMA Pediatr

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ImportanceAlthough benefits have been reported for most exercise modalities, the most effective exercise approaches for reducing insulin resistance in children and adolescents with excess weight and the optimal exercise dose remain unknown.ObjectiveTo compare exercise training modalities and their association with changes in insulin resistance markers among children and adolescents with excess weight and to establish the optimal exercise dose.Data SourcesFor this systematic review and network meta-analysis, 6 electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) were searched for studies from inception to April 1, 2023.Study SelectionRandomized clinical trials (ie, randomized controlled trials and randomized trials without a control group) were included if they reported outcomes associated with aerobic training, resistance training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or a combination of these interventions.Data Extraction and SynthesisData extraction for this systematic review was conducted following a network meta-analysis extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses reporting guideline. Effect sizes were calculated as the mean difference (MD) with 95% CI using random-effects inverse-variance models with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method. The hierarchy of competing interventions was defined using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool, version 2 (RoB2), was used to independently assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The certainty of evidence in consistent networks was assessed using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. The study protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO. Data analyses were conducted between May and June 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were fasting glucose, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).ResultsThis analysis included 55 studies with a total of 3051 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.5 [2.3] years; 1537 girls [50.4%] and 1514 boys [49.6%]). Exercise was associated with reductions in fasting insulin (MD, −4.38 μU/mL [95% CI, −5.94 to −2.82 μU/mL]) and HOMA-IR (MD, –0.87 [95% CI, –1.20 to –0.53]). A nonlinear association in both markers was observed, with a required minimal exercise dosage of approximately 900 to 1200 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week, especially in children and adolescents with insulin resistance at baseline. Combination HIIT and resistance training and concurrent training were the most effective approaches for reducing insulin resistance markers. On average, the certainty of evidence varied from low to moderate.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings underscore the role of exercise interventions in enhancing insulin resistance markers among children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. It is advisable to include resistance exercises alongside aerobic and HIIT programs for a minimum of two to three 60-minute sessions per week.

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Effects of exercise and lifestyle modification on fitness, insulin resistance, skeletal muscle oxidative phosphorylation and intramyocellular lipid content in obese children and adolescents

Cited by 39 publications

References 31 publications

Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

Exercise and Insulin Resistance in Youth: A Meta-Analysis

Benefits of Hip Hop Dance for obese children and adolescents: A systematic review

Exercise and Insulin Resistance Markers in Children and Adolescents With Excess Weight

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