Effects of exercise, dietary cholesterol, and dietary fat on blood lipids

Johnson, Clifford L.; Greenland, Philip

doi:10.1001/archinte.150.1.137

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Cholesterol-containing meals also contain SFA, the cholesterol absorption differs greatly from person to person, and serum cholesterol levels are regulated by the synthesis in the liver. Consequently, the effects of cholesterol intake on serum lipid levels vary among individuals 466 , 467 ) , and have also been demonstrated in intervention studies 459 , 468 – 472 ) . For example, although hens' eggs are high in cholesterol content, the relationship between egg consumption and serum lipid levels is variable in both healthy individuals and in patients with dyslipidemia 469 – 471 , 473 – 482 ) .…”

Section: Comprehensive Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In the Framingham Study, TC and LDL-C levels were significantly and positively associated with SFA but not cholesterol intake 458 ) . However, an RCT found that a high-cholesterol diet (600 mg/day) did significantly increase LDL-C levels more than a low-cholesterol diet (200 mg/day) 459 ) . Cholesterol in the same dietary concentrations produced a larger increase in LDL-C levels when combined with SFAs than with PUFAs 460 ) .…”

Section: Comprehensive Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017

Kinoshita

Yokote

Arai

et al. 2018

J Atheroscler Thromb

622

569

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Section: Comprehensive Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Comprehensive Risk Managementmentioning

confidence: 97%

Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017

Kinoshita

Yokote

Arai

et al. 2018

J Atheroscler Thromb

622

569

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The authors reported a significant effect of dietary cholesterol on both LDL-Cholesterol as well as HDL-Cholesterol. As a result, the net LDL/HDL ratio was constant (0.17 net change) [ 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ]. The increase in HDL cholesterol was pronounced with dietary cholesterol interventions doses between 650 and 900 mg/day [ 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 ].…”

Section: Dietary Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Disease (Cvd) Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease

2018

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in the United States. For years, dietary cholesterol was implicated in increasing blood cholesterol levels leading to the elevated risk of CVD. To date, extensive research did not show evidence to support a role of dietary cholesterol in the development of CVD. As a result, the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans removed the recommendations of restricting dietary cholesterol to 300 mg/day. This review summarizes the current literature regarding dietary cholesterol intake and CVD. It is worth noting that most foods that are rich in cholesterol are also high in saturated fatty acids and thus may increase the risk of CVD due to the saturated fatty acid content. The exceptions are eggs and shrimp. Considering that eggs are affordable and nutrient-dense food items, containing high-quality protein with minimal saturated fatty acids (1.56 gm/egg) and are rich in several micronutrients including vitamins and minerals, it would be worthwhile to include eggs in moderation as a part of a healthy eating pattern. This recommendation is particularly relevant when individual’s intakes of nutrients are suboptimal, or with limited income and food access, and to help ensure dietary intake of sufficient nutrients in growing children and older adults.

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“…Results of the present investigation indicate that the association between dietary cholesterol and coronary death was stronger for men with thinner than thicker subscapular skinfold thickness. These results support the inference that the association between dietary cholesterol and coronary death is mediated through effects on serum lipoprotein cholesterol, which are inadequately reflected in serum total cholesterol, e.g., increases in the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C. 15 - 24 This hypothesis could be examined more directly by adjustment for concentrations of LDL-C and HDL-C, but these data are not available for the Western Electric Study initiated in 1957.…”

mentioning

confidence: 53%

Does body fatness modify the association between dietary cholesterol and risk of coronary death? Results from the Chicago Western Electric Study.

Goff

Shekelle

Katan

et al. 1992

Arterioscler Thromb

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The hypothesis that body fatness modifies the relation between dietary cholesterol and 25-year coronary mortality was examined in a cohort of 1,792 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Company in Chicago. Relative risks of coronary death (and 95% confidence intervals) associated with a 225 mg/day greater intake of dietary cholesterol for men with a subscapular skinfold thickness S14,15-20, and S:21 mm were 1.44 (1.10-1.90), 1.07 (0.84-136), and 0.95 (0.76-1.20), respectively, after adjustment for age; serum total cholesterol level; systolic blood pressure; cigarette smoking; family history of cardiovascular disease; evidence of major organ system disease at baseline; and intake of saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, energy, and ethanol. Adjusted relative risks associated with a 15-mm greater subscapular skinfold thickness for men with a dietary cholesterol intake £649, 650-799, and 2:800 mg/day were 1.76 (1.04-2.98), 1.64 (1.04-2.57), and 1.00 (0.69-1.55), respectively. Fatter men apparently did not benefit from a diet lower in cholesterol, while men who ate a diet high in cholesterol apparently did not benefit from leanness. These results support the hypothesis that body fatness modifies the relation between dietary cholesterol and coronary mortality, perhaps because leaner men are more responsive than fatter men to the effects of dietary cholesterol on the concentration of low density lipoprotein 1 ' 2 A 184 mg/1,000 kcal greater intake of dietary cholesterol was associated with a 46% greater risk of 25-year coronary death after adjustment for age, other dietary lipids, and other coronary risk factors, including serum total cholesterol.

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Effects of exercise, dietary cholesterol, and dietary fat on blood lipids

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017

Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2017

Dietary Cholesterol and the Lack of Evidence in Cardiovascular Disease

Does body fatness modify the association between dietary cholesterol and risk of coronary death? Results from the Chicago Western Electric Study.

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