Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Well-Trained Cyclists' Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances

Karasiak, Fábio Colussi; Guglielmo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci

doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002522

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…An important component of this study was the inclusion of a 10 km simulated time-trial, given the limited research on the effects of EIMD on cycling time-trial performance. According to the current findings, the resistance training bout caused no changes in time-trial performance, which supports previous studies (Karasiak and Guglielmo 2018 ; Silva-Cavalcante et al 2019 ), reporting no differences in 5 min distance-trial and 4 km time-trial protocols, respectively, during periods of EIMD amongst cyclists. Interestingly, studies that involved non-cycling populations reported a decrease in time-trial performance during periods of EIMD (Burt and Twist 2011 ; Twist and Eston 2009 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance training on cycling efficiency and performance

Devantier-Thomas,

Deakin,

Crowther

et al. 2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Purpose This study examined the repeated bout effect of two resistance training bouts on cycling efficiency and performance. Methods Ten male resistance-untrained cyclists (age 38 ± 13 years; height 180.4 ± 7.0 cm; weight 80.1 ± 10.1; kg; VO2max 51.0 ± 7.6 ml.kg−1.min−1) undertook two resistance training bouts at six-repetition maximum. Blood creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), counter-movement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), submaximal cycling and time-trial performance were examined prior to (Tbase), 24 (T24) and 48 (T48) h post each resistance training bout. Results There were significantly lower values for DOMS (p = 0.027) after Bout 2 than Bout 1. No differences were found between bouts for CK, CMJ, SJ and submaximal cycling performance. However, jump height (CMJ and SJ) submaximal cycling measures (ventilation and perceived exertion) were impaired at T24 and T48 compared to Tbase (p < 0.05). Net efficiency during submaximal cycling improved at Bout 2 (23.8 ± 1.2) than Bout 1 (24.3 ± 1.0%). There were no changes in cycling time-trial performance, although segmental differences in cadence were observed between bouts and time (i.e. Tbase vs T24 vs T48; p < 0.05). Conclusion Cyclists improved their cycling efficiency from Bout 1 to Bout 2 possibly due to the repeated bout effect. However, cyclists maintained their cycling completion times during exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in both resistance training bouts, possibly by altering their cycling strategies. Thus, cyclists should consider EIMD symptomatology after resistance training bouts, particularly for cycling-specific technical sessions, regardless of the repeated bout effect.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance training on cycling efficiency and performance

Devantier-Thomas,

Deakin,

Crowther

et al. 2024

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…However, 2 studies displayed a significant decrease in the time-trial performance (12,49). Interestingly, both studies recruited subjects who were recreationally active, whereas the study that found no significant difference recruited subjects with a cycling background (31). According to Davies et al (17), the conscious decision to cease exercise during time-trial protocols is reliant on changes in subconscious homeostatic control systems and is thus highly individualized, possibly because of the unique interaction between central and peripheral fatigue factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, studies have shown attenuation in cycling economy and cycling peak power output (PPO) for several days following muscledamaging exercises (7,31,49), suggesting that cycling performance measures are compromised during periods of EIMD. It has been postulated that reduction in muscular force, in conjunction with increased type II muscle fiber recruitment, may impair cycling economy and power output (7,49).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been postulated that reduction in muscular force, in conjunction with increased type II muscle fiber recruitment, may impair cycling economy and power output (7,49). However, some studies have also reported no significant change in gross cycling efficiency and maximal sprint power output following muscle-damaging exercises, despite increases in muscle damage markers (2,6,31). These inconsistencies may be attributed to distinct differences in research design, subject characteristics, cycling performance measures, and the type of muscle-damaging protocol used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Various Cycling Performance Metrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Devantier-Thomas,

Deakin,

Crowther

et al. 2024

Journal of Strength &Amp; Conditioning Research

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Devantier-Thomas, B, Deakin, GB, Crowther, F, Schumann, M, and Doma, K. The impact of exercise-induced muscle damage on various cycling performance metrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(1): 196–212, 2024—This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the impact of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) on cycling performance. The primary outcome measure was cycling performance, whereas secondary outcome measures included creatine kinase (CK), delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and muscular contractions. Data were extracted and quantified through forest plots to report on the standardized mean difference and p values. The meta-analysis showed no significant change in oxygen consumption at 24–48 hours (p > 0.05) after the muscle damage protocol, although ventilation and rating of perceived exertion significantly increased (p < 0.05) during submaximal cycling protocols. Peak power output during both sprint and incremental cycling performance was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), but time-trial and distance-trial performance showed no change (p > 0.05). Measures of CK and DOMS were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas muscular force was significantly reduced following the muscle-damaging protocols (p < 0.05), confirming that cycling performance was assessed during periods of EIMD. This systematic review showed that EIMD affected both maximal and submaximal cycling performance. Therefore, coaches should consider the effect of EIMD on cycling performance when implementing unaccustomed exercise into a cycling program. Careful consideration should be taken to ensure that additional training does not impair performance and endurance adaptation.

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Enhanced Cycling Time-Trial Performance During Multiday Exercise With Higher-Pressure Compression Garment Wear

Williams¹,

McKendry²,

Morgan³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Purpose: Compression garments are widely used as a tool to accelerate recovery from intense exercise and have also gained traction as a performance aid, particularly during periods of limited recovery. This study tested the hypothesis that increased pressure levels applied via high-pressure compression garments would enhance “multiday” exercise performance. Methods: A single-blind crossover design, incorporating 3 experimental conditions—loose-fitting gym attire (CON), low-compression (LC), and high-compression (HC) garments—was adopted. A total of 10 trained male cyclists reported to the laboratory on 6 occasions, collated into 3 blocks of 2 consecutive visits. Each “block” consisted of 3 parts, an initial high-intensity protocol, a 24-hour period of controlled rest while wearing the applied condition/garment (CON, LC, and HC), and a subsequent 8-km cycling time trial, while wearing the respective garment. Subjective discomfort questionnaires and blood pressure were assessed prior to each exercise bout. Power output, oxygen consumption, and heart rate were continuously measured throughout exercise, with plasma lactate, creatine kinase, and myoglobin concentrations assessed at baseline and the end of exercise, as well as 30 and 60 minutes postexercise. Results: Time-trial performance was significantly improved during HC compared with both CON and LC (HC = 277 [83], CON = 266 [89], and LC = 265 [77] W; P < .05). In addition, plasma lactate was significantly lower at 30 and 60 minutes postexercise on day 1 in HC compared with CON. No significant differences were observed for oxygen consumption, heart rate, creatine kinase, or subjective markers of discomfort. Conclusion: The pressure levels exerted via lower-limb compression garments influence their effectiveness for cycling performance, particularly in the face of limited recovery.

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Effects of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Well-Trained Cyclists' Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances

Cited by 3 publications

References 37 publications

The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance training on cycling efficiency and performance

The repeated bout effect of traditional resistance training on cycling efficiency and performance

The Impact of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Various Cycling Performance Metrics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Enhanced Cycling Time-Trial Performance During Multiday Exercise With Higher-Pressure Compression Garment Wear

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