Effects of exercise interventions on cognitive functions in healthy populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Resistance training's impact on blood biomarkers and cognitive function in older adults with low and high risk of mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

“…This finding is conform that of a meta-analysis on the effect of aerobic exercise, that indicated a larger effect size for improvements in cognition in participants with MCI compared to healthy and demented participants [ 13 ]. Furthermore, the fact that this was only found for the response inhibition task, and not for the processing speed and two working memory tasks is in line with previous meta-analyses suggesting that executive functions are more likely to respond to resistance exercise, with the working memory component of executive functions being less responsive [ 11 , 44 ]. Finally, it is important to take into consideration that the changes in inhibitory control observed in the RT group for high risk MCI participants could be partly due to social interaction resulting from group activities.…”

“…For instance, a network meta-analysis on the effect of exercise to improve cognition in older adults indicated that resistance training (RT) appears to have larger beneficial effects on cognitive and motor functioning than other exercise modalities, although more research has been done on aerobic exercise training [ 10 ]. In general, the beneficial effect of exercise was found for all subcognitive domains, with resistance exercise having the greatest benefits on executive function, according to a meta-analysis [ 11 ]. Another meta-analysis in individuals with MCI showed that RT improved cognition and alleviated MCI [ 12 ].…”

Does Physical Exercise Modify the Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease in Older Persons?

“…Notably, the favourable effects found in AD patients with APOE-ε4 genotype is also in accordance with previous work demonstrating that APOE-ε4 carriers display greater improvements in cognitive functions in response to exercise compared to non-carriers ( 37 ). Regarding the lack of effects in the overall population, because most of trials were performed in older adults, it is possible that an advanced age might counteract the benefits of physical training, although some authors have reported greater effects of exercise on cognition in healthy adults older than 60 ( 38 ) compared to younger counterparts. Our findings also diverge from the observational studies and meta-analyses that demonstrated beneficial associations between PA and amyloid ( 39 , 40 ), NFL (41–43) and GFAP ( 43 ) levels, although the relationships with tau remain contrasted (39, 44–48).…”

Cognitive Fitness: Harnessing the Strength of Exerkines for Aging and Metabolic Challenges

“…The relationship between exercise, CTSB, and cognitive function has been the subject of several studies. These studies concluded that aerobic exercise is more effective than resistance exercise in elevating CTSB levels and improving cognitive function [ 55 , 56 , 72 , 73 , 74 ].…”

“…Studies found that exercise plasma collected from running mice and infused into sedentary mice reduces baseline neuroinflammatory gene expression and experimentally induced brain inflammation and that plasma proteomic analysis revealed a concerted increase in complement cascade inhibitors, including clusterin [ 72 ]. Additionally, a study found that aerobic exercise increases plasma clusterin, and there is a positive association between changes in plasma clusterin and cardiorespiratory fitness as a response to aerobic exercise in older adults with AD [ 95 ].…”