Effects of Exercise on Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Brain Imaging Studies

Li, Jingwen; Guo, Jiamei; Sun, Wei; Mei, Jinjin; Wang, Yiying; Zhang, Lihong; Zhang, Jianyun; Gao, Jing; Su, Kaiqi; Lv, Zhuan; Feng, Xiaojun; Li, Ruiqing

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2022.796712

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Only an increased FC between the dmPFC and the area of the right frontal operculum was observed ( Figure 2F ). Li et al (2022) demonstrated that physical exercise could modify the plasticity of the frontal cortex. The increased FC was significantly correlated with improved balance ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced brain functional connectivity and activation after 12-week Tai Chi-based action observation training in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Meng,

Wang,

Shi

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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IntroductionMotor-cognitive interactive interventions, such as action observation training (AOT), have shown great potential in restoring cognitive function and motor behaviors. It is expected that an advanced AOT incorporating specific Tai Chi movements with continuous and spiral characteristics can facilitate the shift from automatic to intentional actions and thus enhance motor control ability for early-stage PD. Nonetheless, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate changes in brain functional connectivity (FC) and clinical improvement after 12 weeks of Tai Chi-based action observation training (TC-AOT) compared to traditional physical therapy (TPT).MethodsThirty early-stage PD patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the TC-AOT group (N = 15) or TPT group (N = 15). All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans before and after 12 weeks of training and clinical assessments. The FCs were evaluated by seed-based correlation analysis based on the default mode network (DMN). The rehabilitation effects of the two training methods were compared while the correlations between significant FC changes and clinical improvement were investigated.ResultsThe results showed that the TC-AOT group exhibited significantly increased FCs between the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex and cerebellum crus I, between the posterior inferior parietal lobe and supramarginal gyrus, and between the temporal parietal junction and clusters of middle occipital gyrus and superior temporal. Moreover, these FC changes had a positive relationship with patients’ improved motor and cognitive performance.DiscussionThe finding supported that the TC-AOT promotes early-stage PD rehabilitation outcomes by promoting brain neuroplasticity where the FCs involved in the integration of sensorimotor processing and motor learning were strengthened.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced brain functional connectivity and activation after 12-week Tai Chi-based action observation training in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Meng,

Wang,

Shi

et al. 2023

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Exercise can help activate the cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients [ 75 ]. While exercise and ingestion of beneficial microbes are not able to prevent or treat PKU, there may be a rationale for them contributing to its management by improving motor and non-motor symptoms and by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation [ 76 ].…”

Section: Future Human Clinical Intervention Trials: the Example Of Pkumentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Beneficial Microbes, and Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Improving Health

Keathley

White²,

Reid

2023

Life

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The recognition that microbes are integral to human life has led to studies on how to manipulate them in favor of health outcomes. To date, there has been no conjoint recommendation for the intake of dietary compounds that can complement the ingested organisms in terms of promoting an improved health outcome. The aim of this review is to discuss how beneficial microbes in the form of probiotics, fermented foods, and donor feces are being used to manage health. In addition, we explore the rationale for selecting beneficial microbial strains and aligning diets to accommodate their propagation in the gut. A pilot clinical trial design is presented to examine the effects of probiotics and exercise in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU); it is the most common inborn error of amino acid metabolism, and it is a complication that requires lifelong dietary intervention. The example design is provided to illustrate the importance of using omics technology to see if the intervention elevates neuroactive biogenic amines in the plasma; increases the abundance of Eubacterium rectale, Coprococcus eutactus, Akkermansia muciniphila, or Butyricicoccus; and increases Escherichia/Shigella in the gut, all as markers of improved health. By emphasizing the combined importance of diet, microbial supplements, and the gut microbiome, we hope that future studies will better align these components, not only to improve outcomes, but also to enhance our understanding of the mechanisms.

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“…Increased activation was noted mainly in the cerebellum, occipital lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe but did not activate a single brain area. 18 Few animal studies provide a possible explanation for the improvements, possibly not directly related to DAergic neurons. A study examined the effects of treadmill exercise on PD rats.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical and Neurobehavioral Changes in the Rat Model of Parkinson�s Disease with Suprathreshold Exercise and Usnic Acid

Kumar¹,

Sivanesan²,

Nair³

et al. 2023

Int J Life Sci Pharm Res

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Finding a solution for Parkinson's disease has been a challenge to researchers despite advances in medicinal research. None of the options available so far has been able to reverse dopaminergic damage or increase endogenous dopamine production from existing dopaminergic cells in Parkinson's disease. Research in Parkinson’s disease has not so far resulted in finding better solutions for reversing dopaminergic damage or increasing dopamine production. Above-the-threshold (suprathreshold) exercises producing improvement have been documented with supporting clinical and imaging findings but without any biochemical evidence. Above-the-threshold (suprathreshold) exercises producing improvement in Parkinson's disease have been documented with supporting clinical and imaging findings. To the best of our knowledge, the biochemical basis of this improvement has not been studied in detail. Recently, biomolecules like usnic acid have been shown to improve dopamine levels through protective and regenerative effects. This study aimed at understanding the biochemical basis of the improvement following suprathreshold exercises and usnic acid. The objectives were to assess whether the suprathreshold exercise produces improvement in PD rat models and, if so, to understand the biochemical basis of improvement and compare the mechanism with that of usnic acid.The effect of suprathreshold exercise and usnic acid on Parkinson’s disease Hence, this study was conceived to understand whether the exercise produces results due to a similar mechanism that had never been reported before. Parkinson's disease was compared with rotenone alone, rotenone and high-fat diet models, and control. Induced with rotenone and a high-fat diet, the effect of suprathreshold exercise was compared to that of usnic acid, the rotenone alone model, and control. Locomotor behaviour was assessed with an actophotometer and rotarod. Western blotting assessed the blood biochemical parameters, antioxidant and dopamine levels in addition to α-synuclein, tyrosine hydroxylase, Nurr1, and HSP70 levels. Usnic acid decreased oxidative stress markers like MDA, peroxynitrite and nitric oxide, indicating lesser oxidative stress, increased dopamine and serotonin levels and decreased α-synuclein expression. But the suprathreshold exercise did not significantly affect oxidative stress markers nor increased dopamine levels. However, α-synuclein expression was decreased. Compared with usnic acid, lower Nurr1 levels in the suprathreshold group demonstrate lesser protective and regenerative effects on dopaminergic neurons. HSP70 levels indicate that improvement in suprathreshold exercise resulted from preventing misfolding of α-synuclein or through a noncanonical interaction, and comparable locomotor behaviour was observed in both groups. Biomolecules like brain-derived neurotropic factors produced by suprathreshold exercises acting centrally and in muscles might have also contributed to improvement in this group. When usnic acid increased dopamine levels in the brain through protective effects on dopaminergic neurons, antioxidant effects, and reduced expression of α-synuclein, suprathreshold exercise did not increase dopamine, decreased α-synuclein and had less antioxidant effects. This study biochemically proves that suprathreshold exercise alleviates Parkinson’s disease symptoms by preventing α-synuclein misfolding and not by mechanisms other than increasing dopamine, neuroprotection or regeneration of dopaminergic neurons, which require further studies in humans.

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Effects of Exercise on Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Brain Imaging Studies

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced brain functional connectivity and activation after 12-week Tai Chi-based action observation training in patients with Parkinson’s disease

Enhanced brain functional connectivity and activation after 12-week Tai Chi-based action observation training in patients with Parkinson’s disease

The Impact of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Beneficial Microbes, and Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Improving Health

Biochemical and Neurobehavioral Changes in the Rat Model of Parkinson�s Disease with Suprathreshold Exercise and Usnic Acid

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