Effects of Exercise Training Modality on Glucose Tolerance in Men with Abnormal Glucose Regulation

Smutok, M. A.; Reece, Christine; Kokkinos, Peter; Farmer, Charles M.; Dawson, P K; Devane, John; Patterson, J. G.; Goldberg, A. P.; Hurley, Ben F.

doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021061

Cited by 106 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Of the studies otherwise meeting the inclusion criteria, two trials (three articles) were not included since the fitness test was not a maximal aerobic test [35,36,37], three trials (four articles) were excluded because they included a large resistance training component combined with non-continuous aerobic exercise [38,39,40,41] and two articles were excluded since we were unable to differentiate between subjects with and without diabetes [42,43]. Four of the potential articles did not have baseline and post-training VO 2max data available [44,45,46,47] while one trial (two articles) measured post training VO 2max 6 months after the initiation of the 10-week exercise intervention [48,49] and was therefore excluded.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful and independent predictor of mortality in people with diabetes. Several studies have examined the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals. However, these studies had relatively small sample sizes and highly variable results. Therefore the aim of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals. Methods. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and four other databases were searched up to March 2002 for randomized, controlled trials evaluating effects of structured aerobic exercise interventions of 8 weeks or more on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Cardiorespiratory fitness was defined as maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) during a maximal exercise test.Results. Seven studies, presenting data for nine randomized trials comparing exercise and control groups (overall n=266), met the inclusion criteria. Mean exercise characteristics were as follows: 3.4 sessions per week, 49 min per session for 20 weeks. Exercise intensity ranged from 50% to 75% of VO 2max . There was an 11.8% increase in VO 2max in the exercise group and a 1.0% decrease in the control group (post intervention standardized mean difference =0.53, p<0.003). Studies with higher exercise intensities tended to produce larger improvements in VO 2max . Exercise intensity predicted post-intervention weighted mean difference in HbA 1c (r=−0.91, p=0.002 Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus N. G. Boulé 1 , G. P. Kenny 1 , E. Haddad 2 , G. A. Wells 3, 4 , R. J. Sigal 1, 3 1 School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 3 Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 4 Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada pacities of athletes. In recent decades, VO 2max has had a growing importance in clinical settings and has become the gold standard measure of cardiovascular fitness and exercise capacity [1]. There is evidence from large cohort studies that low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful and independent predictor of long-term cardiac mortality in people with diabetes [2,3,4], even after controlling for traditional risk factors such as age, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, and hypertension and excluding individuals with evidence of coronary ischaemia during testing. Furthermore, in non-diabetic subjects undergoing repeated maximalThe maximal amount of oxygen consumed during exercise (VO 2max ) has been used for decades by exercise physiologists to determine the maximum exercise ca-

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2003

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“…In addition, the changes in central adiposity in the progressive resistance training group were associated with increases in strength, while in the control group alone strength change was not a significant predictive factor for the change in waist circumference. Adult studies have found that resistance training improves muscle mass, strength and insulin sensitivity 56,57 and decreases visceral fat 5-7 although it is not clear whether these linked benefits are due to changes in energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate and physical activityrelated expenditure), muscle metabolism, insulin regulation, counter-regulatory hormones or adipokines induced by exercise. [58][59][60] In our short-term study, we did not hypothesize that fat-free mass would improve significantly or underlie the changes in fat mass or associated metabolic benefits, but in longer term progressive resistance training interventions in children it would be important to measure all body composition adaptations (muscle, bone, fat) to ascertain the relationships between adaptations in these body tissues during maturation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

2008

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Background: High-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) improves adiposity and metabolic risk in adults, but has not been investigated in children within a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Objective: We hypothesized that high-intensity PRT (8 weeks, twice a week) would decrease central adiposity in children, as assessed via waist circumference. Methods Design/Setting/Participants: Concealed randomization stratified by age and gender was used to allocate rural New Zealand school students to the wait-list control or PRT group. Intervention: Participants were prescribed two sets (eight repetitions per set) of 11 exercises targeting all the major muscle groups at high intensity. Primary Outcome: Waist circumference; secondary outcomes included whole body fat, muscular fitness (one repetition maximum), cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen consumption during a treadmill test), lipids, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose. Results: Of the 78 children (32 girls and 46 boys; mean age 12.2(1.3) years), 51% were either overweight (33%) or obese (18%). High-intensity PRT significantly improved waist circumference (mean change PRT À0.8 (2.2) cm vs þ 0.5 (1.7) cm control; F ¼ 7.59, P ¼ 0.008), fat mass (mean change PRT þ 0.2 (1.4) kg vs þ 1.0 (1.2) kg control; F ¼ 6.00, P ¼ 0.017), percent body fat (mean change PRT -0.3 (1.8)% vs þ 1.2 (2.1)% control; F ¼ 9.04, P ¼ 0.004), body mass index (mean change PRT À0.01 (0.8) kg m À2 vs þ 0.4 (0.7) kg m À2 control; F ¼ 6.02, P ¼ 0.017), upper body strength (mean change PRT þ 11.6(6.1) kg vs þ 2.9(3.7) kg control; F ¼ 48.6, Po0.001) and lower body strength (mean change PRT þ 42.9(26.6) kg vs þ 28.5(26.6) kg control; F ¼ 4.72, P ¼ 0.034) compared to the control group. Waist circumference decreased the most in those with the greatest baseline relative strength (r ¼ À0.257, P ¼ 0.036), and greatest relative (r ¼ À0.400, P ¼ 0.001) and absolute (r ¼ 0.340, P ¼ 0.006) strength gains during the intervention. Conclusion: Isolated high-intensity PRT significantly improves central and whole body adiposity in association with muscle strength in normal-weight and overweight children. The clinical relevance and sustainability of these changes in adiposity should be addressed in future long-term studies.

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“…Previous longer-term resistance training studies alone (17,18,20) or in conjunction with energy restriction (19) have demonstrated significant improvements in insulin action and glucose utilization. One major methodological difference is that metabolic parameters were reassessed 24 h after the last exercise session in those studies, whereas glucose disposal was measured 72 h after resistance training in the current study.…”

Section: Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clampmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resistance training (RT) increases insulin sensitivity in older men and women (17)(18)(19)(20). Combining moderate energy restriction with resistance training preserves lean tissue mass and substantially reduces body fat mass (FM) (21,22).…”

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confidence: 99%

Short-Term Moderate Weight Loss and Resistance Training Do Not Affect Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Postmenopausal Women

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVES -Moderate weight loss and exercise have been proposed as important tools in the treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that shortterm (4 weeks) moderate energy restriction (Ϫ750 kcal/day) would result in a significant increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (40 mU ⅐ m Ϫ2 ⅐ min Ϫ1 hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp) in moderately overweight postmenopausal women and that when combined with resistance training (RT) an even greater effect would be seen.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Older women were randomly assigned to energy restriction (WLoss group; n ϭ 9) or energy restriction plus RT (RT ϩ WLoss group; n ϭ 10). CONCLUSIONS -The results of this study demonstrate that short-term energy restriction resulting in moderate decreases in body weight (4.0 Ϯ 0.3%) and FM (8.2 Ϯ 0.7%) did not improve insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. The addition of RT to the hypoenergetic diet preserved muscle mass but provided no synergistic effect on insulin action. These results suggest that a greater change in body weight or FM may be necessary to observe a significant improvement in insulin action. RESULTS -For the

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Effects of Exercise Training Modality on Glucose Tolerance in Men with Abnormal Glucose Regulation

Cited by 106 publications

References 24 publications

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

The effect of high-intensity progressive resistance training on adiposity in children: a randomized controlled trial

Short-Term Moderate Weight Loss and Resistance Training Do Not Affect Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Postmenopausal Women

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