Effects of Exercise Training on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins

Durstine, J. Larry; Haskell, W. L.

doi:10.1249/00003677-199401000-00017

Cited by 334 publications

(254 citation statements)

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“…Early studies emphasizing the differences in total cholesterol and triglycerides between individuals involved in endurancetype exercise and sedentary subjects, have been confirmed by later studies [140]. According to the present consensus, physically active individuals have higher levels of HDL-and HDL 2 -cholesterol and lower levels of triglycerides, VLDL-and dense LDL-cholesterol, compared to sedentary individuals [141,142]. Furthermore, intervention studies have shown that unfavourable lipid and lipoprotein profiles respond favourably to exercise training [141,142].…”

Section: Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…According to the present consensus, physically active individuals have higher levels of HDL-and HDL 2 -cholesterol and lower levels of triglycerides, VLDL-and dense LDL-cholesterol, compared to sedentary individuals [141,142]. Furthermore, intervention studies have shown that unfavourable lipid and lipoprotein profiles respond favourably to exercise training [141,142]. The full significance of these findings can only be understood when considering the associations between lipids and lipoproteins, exercise and coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality [143][144][145].…”

Section: Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 83%

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Exercise and the metabolic syndrome

1997

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One of the first people to introduce the metabolic syndrome -or trisyndrome mé tabolique -in the scientific literature was Camus in 1966 [1]. However, this entity did not receive much interest until Reaven in 1988 introduced syndrome X, characterised by hypertension, impairment in glucose and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance [2]. The metabolic syndrome -also called the insulin resistance syndrome -is a multifaceted syndrome characterised by five major abnormalities: obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance (impaired glucose tolerance/non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)), and dyslipidaemia (hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL-cholesterol). In addition, a number of other abnormalities such as microalbuminuria, hyperuricaemia, hyperfibrinogenaemia and increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor I and low concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator are often associated with the syndrome. The clinical importance of the metabolic syndrome is mainly due to the clustering of simultaneously occurring atherosclerotic risk factors in the same individual [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].The aetiology of the metabolic syndrome is poorly understood; both genetic and environmental factors are involved [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Possible common denominators for the various components of the syndrome are not known, although hyperinsulinaemia/insulin resistance are important characteristics in most of the abnormalities.The prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome varies depending on the population studied and the definition applied. As in any syndrome, not all features are present in the same individual. The estimated prevalence rate of the metabolic syndrome in western countries is 25-35 % [2-9]. On the other hand, both Ferrannini and Rupp [8, 9] have reported that only about one-third of an adult study population was free of all major characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. Since the prevalence of hypertension, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance usually increase with increasing age, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome will probably also rise in the aging western society.A number of pharmacological therapies can be used for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome; but the results of most of the available therapies are often unsatisfactory, although some trials with metformin and thiazolidinediones have been encouraging [6, 10, 11].Low levels of physical activity are related to most components of the metabolic syndrome [12][13][14][15][16]. Consequently this offers a unique opportunity to employ increased physical activity in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome and its components. This review will focus on the role of physical activity and exercise in the prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. ObesityThe prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 27 kg/m 2 ) is currently 25-35 % in most western societies, and is increasing [17]. If the prevalence continues to increase, as during the past decades, by the year 2230, 100 % of the adult Uni...

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Section: Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 83%

Exercise and the metabolic syndrome

1997

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“…The regular practice of physical exercise can promote chronic metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations. It is known that regular exercise improves glycemia, lipid profile (8), and insulin sensitivity, promotes weight reduction, and improves muscle glucose uptake. In diabetic and hypertensive rats, physical training has been important in the treatment of metabolic and autonomic disorder by contributing to the improvement in HRV, baroreflex sensitivity, vagal modulation, and blood pressure (4,25,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Moraes‐Silva

Mostarda

Moreira

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moraes-Silva IC, Mostarda C, Moreira ED, Silva KAS, dos Santos F, de Angelis K, Farah VMA V, Irigoyen MC. Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development. J Appl Physiol 114: 786 -791, 2013. First published January 17, 2013 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00586.2012.-High fructose consumption contributes to metabolic syndrome incidence, whereas exercise training promotes several beneficial adaptations. In this study, we demonstrated the preventive role of exercise training in the metabolic syndrome derangements in a rat model. Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/l) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill (FT) or kept sedentary (F) for 10 wk. Control rats treated with normal water were also submitted to exercise training (CT) or sedentarism (C). Metabolic evaluations consisted of the Lee index and glycemia and insulin tolerance test (kITT). Blood pressure (BP) was directly measured, whereas heart rate (HR) and BP variabilities were evaluated in time and frequency domains. Renal sympathetic nerve activity was also recorded. F rats presented significant alterations compared with all the other groups in insulin resistance (in mg·dl Ϫ1 ·min Ϫ1 : F: 3.4 Ϯ 0.2; C: 4.7 Ϯ 0.2; CT: 5.0 Ϯ 0.5 FT: 4.6 Ϯ 0.4), mean BP (in mmHG: F: 117 Ϯ 2; C: 100 Ϯ 2; CT: 98 Ϯ 2; FT: 105 Ϯ 2), and Lee index (in g/mm: F ϭ 0.31 Ϯ 0.001; C ϭ 0.29 Ϯ 0.001; CT ϭ 0.27 Ϯ 0.002; FT ϭ 0.28 Ϯ 0.002), confirming the metabolic syndrome diagnosis. Exercise training blunted all these derangements. Additionally, FS group presented autonomic dysfunction in relation to the others, as seen by an ϳ50% decrease in baroreflex sensitivity and 24% in HR variability, and increases in sympathovagal balance (140%) and in renal sympathetic nerve activity (45%). These impairments were not observed in FT group, as well as in C and CT. Correlation analysis showed that both Lee index and kITT were associated with vagal impairment caused by fructose. Therefore, exercise training plays a preventive role in both autonomic and hemodynamic alterations related to the excessive fructose consumption.fructose; exercise training; autonomic nervous system SEVERAL STUDIES HAVE SHOWN that poor eating habits and a large increase in fructose consumption in recent years has contributed to the epidemic of metabolic syndrome (2, 5). These unhealthy habits may result in physiological changes that contribute to a higher morbidity and mortality in humans (14). Among these changes, increase of blood pressure, plasma lipids, obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia are the most evident. Additionally, studies have shown an association between these factors as hyperinsulinemia and hypertension, in both humans and animals (10, 21, 36), indicating that once these alterations are present, the higher is the incidence of cardiovascular diseases.Autonomic nervous system dysfunction also accompanies these metabolic disturbances. Our research group has ...

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“…O exercício físico aeróbio parece modular o impacto negativo dos fatores de risco na manifestação das doenças cardiovasculares [8][9][10] . Por outro lado, algumas evidências tem demonstrado que os exercícios resistidos auxiliam no controle glicêmico e insulinêmico assim como na modulação da pressão arterial 11 e na redução do peso corporal 12 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Efeito do treinamento de força nas variáveis cardiovasculares em adolescentes com sobrepeso

Miranda

Dias

Mostarda

et al. 2014

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as respostas agudas cardiorrespiratórias e autonômicas induzidas por uma sessão de exercício físico resistido em adolescentes com sobrepeso.MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 17 adolescentes do sexo masculino divididos em grupo controle (GC, n=9) e grupo sobrepeso (GSO, n=7). Todos foram submetidos a uma sessão exercícios resistidos para diferentes grupos musculares, realizados com sobrecarga de 60% da força máxima, com um intervalo de 45 segundos entre as séries e 90 segundos entre cada exercício. Antes, durante e após a sessão de exercícios os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC).RESULTADOS: Foi observado comportamento semelhante em ambos os grupos da PAS e PAD. A PAS aumentou durante o exercício e a PAD diminuiu. Ambas retornaram aos valores basais durante a recuperação. A FC aumentou durante a sessão de exercício nos dois grupos, porém, apenas no GSO houve retorno aos valores de repouso. Os índices da VFC no domínio do tempo (VAR RR e RMSSD) se comportaram de maneira semelhante frente ao exercício nos dois grupos, porém, no índice SDNN apenas o GSO retornou aos valores de repouso. A VFC no domínio da frequência apresentou comportamento semelhante em ambos os grupos.CONCLUSÕES: sugere-se que o aumento do nível de atividade física em indivíduos com sobrepeso pode prevenir as alterações autonômicas que estão associadas ao aumento do peso corporal e conferir efeito protetor ao sistema cardiovascular.

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Effects of Exercise Training on Plasma Lipids and Lipoproteins

Cited by 334 publications

References 0 publications

Exercise and the metabolic syndrome

Exercise and the metabolic syndrome

Preventive role of exercise training in autonomic, hemodynamic, and metabolic parameters in rats under high risk of metabolic syndrome development

Efeito do treinamento de força nas variáveis cardiovasculares em adolescentes com sobrepeso

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