Effects of Exergaming on Cognitive and Social Functioning of People with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Santen, Joeke van; Dröes, Rose-Marie; Twisk, Jos W. R.; Henkemans, O.A. Blanson; Straten, Annemieke van; Meiland, Franka

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.04.018

Cited by 42 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…people with mild MNCD [25,71]. A possible reason for the difference with previous bicycle training research is that our participants performed standing balance exergames that required participants to stand and perform stepping movements, which directly addresses gait and balance [72].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The efficacy of exergaming in people with major neurocognitive disorder residing in long-term care facilities: a pilot randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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Background It is currently unknown whether exergaming is efficacious in people with major neurocognitive disorder (MNCD) residing in long-term care facilities. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) explored the efficacy of a stepping exergame program on gait speed, balance, mobility, reaction time, cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes, quality of life, and daily life functioning in people with MNCD residing in long-term care facilities. Methods Participants were randomly assigned to 8 weeks, three times weekly, 15 min of exergaming versus watching preferred music videos. The exergame device consisted of a pressure-sensitive step training platform on which participants performed stepping movements to play the games. The device automatically adapted the training level to the participants’ capabilities. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), step reaction time test (SRTT), Montréal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Dementia Quality of Life (DQoL), and Katz Activities of Daily Living (Katz ADL) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A Quade’s non-parametric ANCOVA controlling for baseline values with post hoc Bonferroni correction (p < 0.00625) was used to analyze pre- and post-differences between the groups. Partial eta-squared (η2p) effect sizes were calculated. Results Forty-five of 55 randomized inpatients with mild to moderate MNCD (Mini-Mental State Examination score = 17.2 ± 4.5; aged 70–91; 35 women) completed the study. The exergame group (n = 23) demonstrated improvements in gait speed (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.41), total SPPB (p < 0.001, η2p = 0.64), SRTT (p<0.001, η2p = 0.51), MoCA (p<0.001, η2p = 0.38), and reductions in CSDD (p<0.001, η2p = 0.43) compared to the control group (n = 22). There were no differences in NPI (p = 0.165, η2p = 0.05), DQoL (p = 0.012, η2p = 0.16), and ADL (p = 0.008, η2p = 0.16) post-intervention scores between the experimental and control group, albeit DQol and ADL measures showed large effect sizes in the exergame group. The mean attendance rate was 82.9% in the exergame group and 73.7% in the music control group. There were no study-related adverse events reported by the participants, nor observed by the research team. Conclusions The findings of this pilot RCT suggest that an individually adapted exergame training improves lower extremity functioning, cognitive functioning and step reaction time and symptoms of depression in inpatients with MNCD residing in long-term care facilities. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04436302

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The efficacy of exergaming in people with major neurocognitive disorder residing in long-term care facilities: a pilot randomized controlled trial

et al. 2021

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“…Of these, 2 studies did not find any adverse events of the interventions during the study period [ 37 , 38 ]. The 3 remaining studies spotted some adverse events, but they were comparable between groups [ 34 - 36 ]. Specifically, Fiatarone Singh et al [ 35 ] found 6 adverse events distributed as follows: 3 events in the serious game plus conventional exercises group, 1 event in the conventional exercises group, 0 events in the serious game group, and 2 events in the control group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adverse events reported in this study were falls during assessment (n=3) and exacerbations of pre-existing arthritis symptoms (n=3). In the second study [ 36 ], the mean number of falls was not statistically different between the exergame group and control group after the intervention (1.2 vs 2.0) and after a 6-month follow-up (1.5 vs 1.5). The last study reported that there was 1 adverse event during the study period, which occurred in a participant from the serious game group [ 34 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness and Safety of Serious Games for Improving Cognitive Abilities Among Elderly People With Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abd‐Alrazaq¹,

Alajlani²,

Alhuwail³

et al. 2022

JMIR Serious Games

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Background Cognitive impairment is a mental disorder that commonly affects elderly people. Serious games, which are games that have a purpose other than entertainment, have been used as a nonpharmacological intervention for improving cognitive abilities. The effectiveness and safety of serious games for improving cognitive abilities have been investigated by several systematic reviews; however, they are limited by design and methodological weaknesses. Objective This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of serious games for improving cognitive abilities among elderly people with cognitive impairment. Methods A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. The following 8 electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, and Google Scholar. We also screened reference lists of the included studies and relevant reviews, as well as checked studies citing our included studies. Two reviewers independently carried out the study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and quality of evidence appraisal. We used a narrative and statistical approach, as appropriate, to synthesize the results of the included studies. Results Fifteen studies met the eligibility criteria among 466 citations retrieved. Of those, 14 RCTs were eventually included in the meta-analysis. We found that, regardless of their type, serious games were more effective than no intervention (P=.04) and conventional exercises (P=.002) for improving global cognition among elderly people with cognitive impairment. Further, a subgroup analysis showed that cognitive training games were more effective than no intervention (P=.05) and conventional exercises (P<.001) for improving global cognition among elderly people with cognitive impairment. Another subgroup analysis demonstrated that exergames (a category of serious games that includes physical exercises) are as effective as no intervention and conventional exercises (P=.38) for improving global cognition among elderly people with cognitive impairment. Although some studies found adverse events from using serious games, the number of adverse events (ie, falls and exacerbations of pre-existing arthritis symptoms) was comparable between the serious game and control groups. Conclusions Serious games and specifically cognitive training games have the potential to improve global cognition among elderly people with cognitive impairment. However, our findings remain inconclusive because the quality of evidence in all meta-analyses was very low, mainly due to the risk of bias raised in the majority of the included studies, high heterogeneity of the evidence, and imprecision of total effect sizes. Therefore, psychologists, psychiatrists, and patients should consider offering serious games as a complement and not a substitute to existing interventions until further more robust evidence is available. Further studies are needed to assess the effect of exergames, the safety of serious games, and their long-term effects.

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“…у вигляді однієї статті на рік та з 2009-2014 рр.− 10-20 статей на рік, що пов'язано з виходом серії Wii Fit від Nintendo, яка стала новим словом в медичній реабілітології та геріатрії. Зокрема в дослідженнях [6,7], базу для яких закладено в даний період, розкрито результати застосування Wii Fit and Було встановлено поліпшення когнітивних функцій при реабілітації осіб с деменцією [8] та прискорення реакції в тесті ІС на дистрес [9]. Хоча дані дослідження і дали певні позитивні результати, доцільно вважати, що для кращого відображення стійкості до стресу та тренованості параметри, пов'язані з вираженістю стресу, необхідно виражати через показник відновлення RMSSD.…”

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“…Загалом з 701 публікації за запитом exergames, в базі даних Science Direct, 12300 публікацій в Google Academia, понад 100 видань в базі Researcher Gate та 144 статей в базі WоS, більша частина дослідних робіт вийшла у світ протягом 2015-2020 рр. і належить до трьох наукових напрямів: реабілітологія [6][7][8][9][10][11], геронтологія і геріатрія [12][13][14][15][16] та педагогіка [1,[17][18][19][20][21][22]. Найбільш ранні з них присвячено впливу ексергеймінгу на боротьбу з дитячим ожирінням [17], а також першим результатам використання танцювальних відеоігор в педагогіці [18].…”

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Positive Impact of Exergaming on Recovery from Stress and Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks for Athletes and Gamers (on the Example of Outdoor Mobile Games)

Andrieiev¹,

Sluchak²,

Andryushchenko³

et al. 2021

Ukr. ž. med. bìol. sportu

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The research focuses on exergaming as an instrument of physical traning for stress tolerance. The purpose of the study is to determine the positive effect of exergaming on two criteria: 1) on stress resistance based on root mean square of successive differences (speed of recovery after physical stress); 2) to combat obesity on the basis of metabolic equivalent of task. The main difference between simple gamer and professional sportsman reaction to the exergaming was developed. For example, exergaming is one of the best types of unloading workout for sportsman and one of the best motivator for more intence workout for simple exergamer. The main categories of exergames classification were reviewed in economic and scientific context of the exergame industry. Main exergaming types include: home, medical, dance and bike exergaming, connect emulation of the sport, role-playing game with gamercize-control and outdoor mobile games. Materials and methods. Nineteen competitions of dance exergaming (World Pump Festival and Just Dance) and eSports League discipline of bike exergaming (Zwift) have been identified in aspects of cybersports. This article is confirmed in 2 experimental researches about: 1) metabolic equivalent of task in main exergaming types and outdoor mobile games in particular; 2) speed of recovery after physical stress. Study of metabolic equivalent of task for the exterior mobile games is based on Ukraine Niantic games community survey (190 members). Results and discussion. Average playing experience for the Niantic games (Ingress, Pokémon Go and Harry Potter: Wizards Unite) community was 4 years (59% ≤5 years and 41% >5 years). The distance travelled during this time was about 7429 kilometers (32% passed more than 10,000 km). Metabolic equivalent of task and body heat balance was modelled on the basis of the survey data and metabolic WHO constants and body heat constants of ANSI standart. Exterior games take 5.65 kkal to 1 kg per 1 day, home fitness exergaming (Power Pad, Let's Yoga, Personal Trainer: Walking) takes 7.14 kkal to 1 kg per 1 day, dance exergames take 7.14-10 kkal to 1 kg per 1 day. In the body heat equivalent, this is 4.1 times more than at rest for home-fitness videogames, 5.75 times more than at rest for dance exergaming and 1.84-2.59 times more than at rest for exterior mobile exergames. Conclusion. Based on the indicators of root mean square of successive differences with the help of Energy Health free platform, the first stage of the research on the influence of outdoor exergames on the formation of stress tolerance was held. Root mean square of successive differences monitoring was carried out for 20 participants (10 Black Sea State University volleyball team members and 10 Niantic game community members). An increase in root mean square of successive differences was recorded for 80% of gamers and 60% of athletes. Moreover, the novelty factor acted precisely in athletes, which indicates long-term effectiveness of outdoor mobile games as an instrument of physical traning for stress tolerance

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Effects of Exergaming on Cognitive and Social Functioning of People with Dementia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 42 publications

References 47 publications

The efficacy of exergaming in people with major neurocognitive disorder residing in long-term care facilities: a pilot randomized controlled trial

The efficacy of exergaming in people with major neurocognitive disorder residing in long-term care facilities: a pilot randomized controlled trial

The Effectiveness and Safety of Serious Games for Improving Cognitive Abilities Among Elderly People With Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Positive Impact of Exergaming on Recovery from Stress and Metabolic Equivalent of Tasks for Athletes and Gamers (on the Example of Outdoor Mobile Games)

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