Effects of exogenous glycine betaine and cycloleucine on photosynthetic capacity, amino acid composition, and hormone metabolism in Solanum melongena L.

Abstract

Although exogenous glycine betaine (GB) and cycloleucine (Cyc) have been reported to affect animal cell metabolism, their effects on plant growth and development have not been studied extensively. Different concentrations of exogenous glycine betaine (20, 40, and 60 mmol L−1) and cycloleucine (10, 20, and 40 mmol L−1), with 0 mmol L−1 as control, were used to investigate the effects of foliar spraying of betaine and cycloleucine on growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, Calvin cycle pathway, abaxial leaf burr morphology, endogenous hormones, and amino acid content in eggplant. We found that 40 mmol L−1 glycine betaine had the best effect on plant growth and development; it increased the fresh and dry weight of plants, increased the density of abaxial leaf hairs, increased the net photosynthetic rate and Calvin cycle key enzyme activity of leaves, had an elevating effect on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, increased endogenous indoleacetic acid (IAA) content and decreased abscisic acid (ABA) content, and increased glutamate, serine, aspartate, and phenylalanine contents. However, cycloleucine significantly inhibited plant growth; plant apical dominance disappeared, plant height and dry and fresh weights decreased significantly, the development of abaxial leaf hairs was hindered, the net photosynthetic rate and Calvin cycle key enzyme activities were inhibited, the endogenous hormones IAA and ABA content decreased, and the conversion and utilization of glutamate, arginine, threonine, and glycine were affected. Combined with the experimental results and plant growth phenotypes, 20 mmol L−1 cycloleucine significantly inhibited plant growth. In conclusion, 40 mmol L−1 glycine betaine and 20 mmol L−1 cycloleucine had different regulatory effects on plant growth and development.

Comprehensive transcriptomic meta-analysis unveils new responsive genes to methyl jasmonate and ethylene in Catharanthus roseus

“…Various intermediates within the TCA cycle play roles in the synthesis of several alkaloids [ 49 ]. Furthermore, additional pathways such as Purine, cysteine, and methionine metabolism; Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; and Glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism also exhibited enrichment, underscoring their potential significance in confronting stress [ 50 , 51 ].…”

Efectos De Los Aminoácidos en La Producción De Cultivos

“…La serina, a través de la betaína aldehído, colina y etanolamina es convertida en glicina-betaína (GB) en los cloroplastos. La GB es un metabolito secundario de gran importancia, por sus efectos en la tolerancia de las plantas antes situaciones de estrés abiótico (T. H. H. Chen y Murata, 2011; Niu et al, 2023). En adición, Fariduddin et al (2013) indicaron que en plantas superiores específicamente, la síntesis de GB se da principalmente por la actividad de la enzima colina monooxigenasa (CMO) mediante la oxidación de la colina.…”

“…Tampoco se ha observado acumulación de GB en berenjena, haciendo necesaria su aplicación exógena (Niu et al, 2023). Para una consulta más amplia sobre especies acumuladoras naturales y especies mejoradas genéticamente para sintetizar GB, y concentraciones de referencia, véase T. H. H. Chen y Murata, (2011) o Fariduddin et al (2013), respectivamente.…”

“…Resultados interesantes han sido reportados por Niu et al (2023) tras un estudio que involucra la aplicación de GB exógena en el cultivo de la berenjena (Solanum melongena L.), en el cual se descubrió que 40 mmol L -1 de glicina betaína mejoró el crecimiento y el desarrollo de las plantas, al inducir un incremento de los tricomas en el envés de las hojas, del peso fresco y seco de las plantas, de la fotosíntesis líquida, y de la actividad de enzimas de importancia; lo que estuvo acompañado de un aumento de los aminoácidos Glu, Ser, Asp y Fen; también del ácido indolacético endógeno, de una disminución en el contenido de ácido abscísico y un incremento en los parámetros de fluorescencia de la clorofila.…”

Efficiency of Glycinebetaine in Increasing Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Plant Drought Tolerance

“…Nowadays, GlyBet is used as an easy method for decreasing the injuries of stress factors on plant productivity and generating drought-stress tolerant crops (Metwaly et al, 2022 andNiu et al, 2023). GlyBet is a low-cost, eco-friendly, and effective osmoprotectant, that is widely distributed in a wide range of biota (Chen and Murata, 2008).…”