Effects of experimental variables on the determination of kinetic parameters with differential scanning calorimetry. II. Calculation procedure of Freeman and Carroll

Dooren, A. A. van; Müller, Bernd W.

doi:10.1016/0040-6031(83)80027-6

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The Kissinger method did not have practical advantages over the Ozawa method. In a similar manner, the effects of mass, heating rate, and particle size on the determination of reaction order, EB, and preexponential factor using the Freeman and Carroll method in DSC were studied by factorial designs (356).…”

Section: IXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis

Wendlandt¹

1984

Anal. Chem.

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Section: IXmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal analysis

Wendlandt¹

1984

Anal. Chem.

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“…In addition, it has been assumed in the treatment that the order of reactions does not vary during the transformation, which may not always hold true. In fact, Dooren and Muller [71] have shown that for cases where the reaction order changes during the transition, the activation energy cannot be obtained from the Freeman and Carroll method using a linear model. In a later study, Jerez [72] proposed a modified version of the Freeman and Carroll method for calculating the activation energy.…”

Section: A Thermoanalytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isothermal and Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Mold Fluxes used in Continuous Casting of Steel: A Review

Sarkar

2021

Metall Mater Trans B

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Casting powders or mold fluxes, as they are more commonly known, are used in the continuous casting of steel to prevent the steel shell from sticking to the copper mold. The powders first melt and create a pool of liquid flux above the liquid steel in the mold, and then the liquid mold fluxes penetrate into the gap between water-cooled copper mold and steel shell, where crystallization of solid phases takes place as the temperatures gradually drop. It is important to understand the crystallization behavior of these mold fluxes used in the continuous casting of steel because the crystalline phase fraction in the slag films plays a crucial role in determining the horizontal heat flux during the casting process. In this work, the existing literature on the crystallization kinetics of conventional and fluoride-free mold fluxes used in the continuous casting of steel has been reviewed. The review has been divided into two main sections viz. the isothermal crystallization kinetics and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics. Under each of these sections, three of the most widely used techniques for studying the crystallization kinetics have been included viz. thermoanalytical techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry/differential thermal analysis (DSC/DTA), the single and double hot thermocouple technique (SHTT and DHTT), and the confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). For each of these techniques, the available literature related to the crystallization kinetics of mold fluxes has been summarized thereby encompassing a wide range of investigations comprising of both conventional and fluoride-free fluxes. Summaries have been included after each section with critical comments and insights by the authors. Finally, the relative merits and demerits of these methods vis-à-vis their application in studying the crystallization kinetics of mold fluxes have been discussed.

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“…The activation energies of crystallization were determined by the Freeman-Carroll method [20][21][22][23]. The Freeman-Carroll method is one of the most commonly methods to analyze the crystallization kinetics based on DSC/DTA experiments.…”

Section: Activation Energy Of Crystallizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of B2O3 on the Crystallization Behavior of CaF2-Based Slag for Electroslag Remelting 9CrMoCoB Steel

Peng

Geng

Liu

et al. 2019

Metals

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The non-isothermal crystallization characteristics of the electroslag remelting (ESR)-type slag with varied B2O3 contents were investigated by non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystallization mechanism of the B2O3-bearing slag was also identified based on kinetics analysis. The results showed that the primary crystalline phase was CaF2, there was no change in the type of the primary crystal as B2O3 content increased, and the morphology of the CaF2 crystal was mainly dendritic. The sequence of crystal precipitation during the cooling process was CaF2 to Ca12Al14O32F2 and MgO/MgAl2O4, followed by Ca3B2O6. The activation energy of CaF2 crystallization increased firstly, then decreased and reached stability, while the activation energy of Ca3B2O6 crystallization increased continuously with the increasing B2O3 content. The crystallization behavior of CaF2 was three-dimensional growth with a constant nucleation rate. The proper B2O3 content added into the CaF2-based ESR slag should be around 1.0% to limit the precipitation of the CaF2 crystal to attain good surface ingot quality and stable ESR operation.

show abstract

Effects of experimental variables on the determination of kinetic parameters with differential scanning calorimetry. II. Calculation procedure of Freeman and Carroll

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Thermal analysis

Thermal analysis

Isothermal and Non-isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Mold Fluxes used in Continuous Casting of Steel: A Review

Effect of B2O3 on the Crystallization Behavior of CaF2-Based Slag for Electroslag Remelting 9CrMoCoB Steel

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