Effects of Exposure to Simulated High Altitude on Red-Cell 2, 3-Dpg, Salivary Cortisol and Plasma Testosterone Levels During Traning in Female Swimmers

Fujibayashi, Shimu; Nomura, Takeo; Yoshida, Koichiro

doi:10.7600/jspfsm1949.34.27

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…, a 50-day exposure to extremely low air temperatures (from − 5 °C to − 37 °C in Rovaniemi, a city in northern Finland) resulted in a 60.14% increase in testosterone concentrations in the examined subject. The study participant spent time being active, walking at a distance of about 20 km every day (mountain walking), skiing, and cycling on ice to avoid freezing; this also increases testosterone levels, as previously discussed by Fujibayashi and Yoshida [ 25 ], as well as by Ismail and Young [ 26 ]. A long-term process of winter swimming should be furthermore perceived in terms of physical effort; each time the body cools down, its homeostasis is disrupted, and additional energy is required to compensate for this.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effect of regular winter swimming on blood morphological, rheological, and biochemical indicators and activity of antioxidant enzymes in males

Teległów,

Konieczny,

Dobija

et al. 2024

BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil

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Background Exposure of the human body to cold water triggers numerous beneficial physiological changes. The study aimed to assess the impact of regular winter swimming on blood morphological, rheological, and biochemical indicators and activity of antioxidant enzymes in males. Methods The study involved 10 male winter swimmers (the same participants examined before the season and after the season) and 13 males (not winter swimming, leading a sedentary lifestyle) in the control group. Fasting blood was collected twice: in November and in March of the following year. Basic blood morphological indicators, red cell elongation index (EI) and aggregation index (AI), concentrations of testosterone, cortisol, urea, and creatinine, as well as plasma activity of antioxidant enzymes of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined. Results The data were collected from the same winter swimmers at the beginning and end of the season. Winter swimming resulted in a significant increase of EI values at a shear stress of 0.30 (p = 0.40), 0.58 (p < 0.001), 4.24 (p = 0.021), 8.23 (p = 0.001), 15.59 (p = 0.001), 30.94 (p = 0.004), and 60.00 Pa (p = 0.043); haemoglobin was lower than before the season (p < 0.027). No significant changes were observed in AI, AMP, T1/2, the levels of urea, creatinine, eGFR, testosterone, cortisol, or the activity of CAT or SOD. There was a statistically significant increase in GPx activity (p = 0.014) and increase in testosterone concentration (p = 0.035) in the group of winter swimmers examined before the season as compared with the control group. No statistically significant differences were found for the mean values of blood morphological indicators and other parameters. Conclusions Winter swimming can prove to be a health-promoting factor in males, as indicated by a rise in the deformability of red blood cells in the blood vessel system after a full season of winter swimming, leading to better body oxygenation, and improves the antioxidant defence and testosterone concentration (within standard limits) in the group of winter swimmers examined before the season as compared with the control group. Winter swimming helps maintain appropriate levels of blood rheological indicators, urea, creatinine, eGFR, cortisol, testosterone, and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT06223087, 15.01.2024.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%