Effects of Fast Acting Power Controller of BESS in the System Frequency Response of a Multi-Machine System: Probabilistic Approach

Abstract

This paper presents a probabilistic assessment of the effects of the fast acting power (FAP) controller of BESS in the system frequency response of a multi-machine system. Monte Carlo simulations and time-domain simulations, using DIgSILENT® PowerFactory TM are combined in the implementation of the proposed methodology. Simulation results show the effect fast-acting power controller of BESS in the system frequency response of a multi-machine system in the form of probabilistic distribution functions (PDF) of the main system frequency response.

Optimal Frequency Support of Variable-Speed Hydropower Plants at Telemark and Vestfold, Norway: Future Scenarios of Nordic Power System

“…The battery energy storage system (BESS) follows a process of three main stages consisting of converting the electrical energy into another energy form, the storage of the transformed energy during a period of time, and the transformation of the stored energy into electrical energy again. Those three steps are related to three main subsystems [22]:…”

“…The frequency of the center of inertia (f COI ) was computed as the inertia weighted average of the frequencies of all generators connected to the power system. Mathematically speaking, f COI is written as [22]:…”

Optimal Settings of Fast Active Power Controller: Nordic Case

“…The modern power converters (MPCs) based on voltage source converters can modify the active power production in a limited spectrum defined by the availability of energy in the DC side of the MPC [3][10], this MPC power converter is distinguished by its fast response [1]. The fast-active power injection/absorption (FAPIA) is a frequency response model that is activated by the controller in the MPC [11], [5]. The main purpose of using the FAPIA controller is to fast compensate the frequency deviation by (i) injecting active power when the system has an under-frequency condition and (ii) absorbing active power when the system has an over-frequency condition.…”

“…The total system inertia has been decreased due to the increase of the wind power plants installed in the NPS, closure of thermal power plants, closure of Swedish nuclear power plants and more than 50% increase of the capacity of the interconnector between the NPS and other power systems [3], [4]. It has been estimated that the total kinetic energy of the NPS will be below 120-145 GW•s around 1-19% of the time, this value will be depending on the clime year [5], [6]. Therefore, it is essential to develop a simple and robust methodology that allows facing a low inertia problem.…”