Effects of fasting and refeeding on plasma concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, growth hormone and metabolites in swine

Inoue, Hiroaki; Watanuki, Masashi; Myint, Hnin Thidar; Ito, Tetsuya; Kuwayama, Hideto; Hemmi, Hisashi

doi:10.1111/j.1740-0929.2005.00277.x

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A relationship between plasma NEFA and ghrelin concentrations in response to a 54-h fast has been reported in grower pigs (Inoue et al 2005) and also in fasted gilts (Govoni et al 2005). Our results also show an association between plasma ghrelin and NEFA concentrations in pigs that were fed once daily, a difference in feed consumption of 60% when compared with ad libitum feeding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Porcine ghrelin status responds to changes in energy balance with concentrations increasing in response to fasting (Salfen et al 2003, Govoni et al 2005, Inoue et al 2005. Moreover, exogenous ghrelin given chronically to weanling pigs increases body weight suggesting that ghrelin may also have an influence on feeding behaviour (Salfen et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ghrelin secretion is more closely aligned to energy balance than with feeding behaviour in the grower pig

Scrimgeour¹,

Gresham²,

Giles³

et al. 2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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Secretory characteristics of the ghrelin profile for the pig are still unknown. Our objective was to clarify the mechanisms that influence ghrelin secretion during differing feeding patterns. Pigs were initially fed a commercial pelleted diet offered ad libitum and blood samples collected for 24 h at intervals of 1 h. The pigs were then entrained for 17 days to a twice daily interval feeding regimen (0900-1000 and 1600-1700 h) and blood samples were collected for 12 h (0800-2000 h). This was followed by a similar interval feeding and blood sampling regimen with the 0900-1000 h feeding period being replaced by a sham feed where pigs were shown their usual feed but none offered. During the ad libitum feeding regimen, there was no preprandial rise or postprandial fall in circulating plasma total ghrelin concentration, which remained constant throughout the sampling period. In addition, no preprandial rise or postprandial fall in ghrelin concentrations was observed when pigs were fed either twice or once daily; however, plasma ghrelin concentration rose gradually over the 12-h sampling period during the twice daily feeding regimen and increased further when pigs were fed once per day. This increase in ghrelin levels coincided with an increase in plasma GH and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations and was not associated with either plasma glucose or insulin concentrations. These results suggest that circulating total plasma ghrelin concentrations in the pig appear to be influenced by chronic changes in energy balance rather than the feeding pattern per se.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghrelin secretion is more closely aligned to energy balance than with feeding behaviour in the grower pig

Scrimgeour¹,

Gresham²,

Giles³

et al. 2008

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Sensitivity and the intra-assay coefficient of variation were 0·25 ng/ml and 7·3% respectively. Plasma insulin concentration was quantified as previously described (Inoue et al 2005) using bovine insulin (28·5 USP units/mg, code I-5500; Sigma Chemical Company) and guinea-pig anti-bovine insulin antiserum (code I-6136; Sigma Chemical Company). Sensitivity and the intra-assay coefficient of variation were 0·05 ng/ml and 4·0% respectively.…”

Section: Ria For Bovine Ghrelin Gh and Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-dependent response of plasma ghrelin and growth hormone concentrations to bovine ghrelin in Holstein heifers

ThidarMyint¹,

Yoshida²,

Ito³

et al. 2006

Journal of Endocrinology

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The stimulatory effect of the novel gastric-derived hormone, ghrelin, on growth hormone (GH) secretion has been reported in domestic animals as well as in humans and rats. The octanoyl modification on the Ser3 residue of ghrelin appears to be essential for its endocrine activity. A major portion of circulatory ghrelin lacks acylation but possesses some biological activities other than GH stimulation; therefore, both types of acylated and des-acyl ghrelin are supposed to be important for energy homeostasis. The effects of pharmacological doses of rat and/or human ghrelin on GH secretion have been reported recently in ruminants; however, the physiological effect of exogenous bovine ghrelin on its own plasma level and on GH secretion is still unknown. Moreover, the RIA systems for the measurement of bovine active ghrelin and for bovine total ghrelin including acylated ghrelin, des-acyl ghrelin and all ghrelin peptides with an intact bovine C-terminal have not yet been validated. In this study, we established the RIA system for bovine ghrelin, and the dose-dependent effects of synthesized acylated bovine ghrelin(1-27) on plasma active and total ghrelin, GH, insulin and metabolites were measured in Holstein heifers. Six animals were intravenously injected with synthesized acylated bovine ghrelin (0, 0·1, 0·5, 1·0, 5·0, 10·0 µg/kg body weight (BW)) and plasma hormone concentrations were measured from serially collected samples. Bovine ghrelin RIA showed that the basal level of total ghrelin is approximately 16 times higher than that of active ghrelin in bovine plasma. Both forms of ghrelin were increased in a dose-dependent manner in response to bovine ghrelin injections, peak values were reached at 5 min after administration and returned to pre-injected values within 15 min. Plasma GH was responsive to all doses of bovine ghrelin in a dose-dependent manner, peaked as early as at 5-10 min after injection and returned to the basal value within 60 min. The GH area under curve 1 h after injection of the smallest dose of ghrelin used in this experiment (0·1 µg/kg BW) was significantly higher than that of the vehicle (0·1% BSA saline)-injected control group (P<0·05). The GH response to the highest dose of ghrelin (10·0 µg/kg BW) was greater than the response to 5·0 µg/kg BW ghrelin (P<0·001). Plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly altered by the administration of bovine ghrelin while plasma insulin levels were transiently stimulated by the higher doses of ghrelin (1·0, 5·0, 10·0 µg/kg BW). Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels also increased following ghrelin administration. Our study indicates that a considerable quantity of both acylated and des-acyl ghrelin is circulating in the bloodstream, and also confirms that ghrelin is not only a potent stimulator of GH secretion but also plays a considerable role in energy homeostasis in Holstein heifers.

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“…probably resulted in short-term increases in plasma free fatty acid levels before morning feeding (Barb et al, 1997;Inoue et al, 2005), which in turn can stimulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (Haber et al, 2003;Itoh et al, 2003). As insulin responses differ between morning and afternoon feedings, studies investigating effects of insulin on, for example, follicle development should consider both insulin responses.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin-stimulating diets during the weaning-to-estrus interval do not improve fetal and placental development and uniformity in high-prolific multiparous sows

Wientjes

Soede

Laurenssen

et al. 2013

Animal

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Piglet birth weight and litter uniformity are important for piglet survival. Insulin-stimulating sow diets before mating may improve subsequent piglet birth weights and litter uniformity, but the physiological mechanisms involved are not clear. This study evaluated effects of different levels of insulin-stimulating feed components (dextrose plus starch; fed twice daily) during the weaningto-estrus interval (WEI) on plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations, and on follicle development and subsequent luteal, fetal and placental development and uniformity at days 42 to 43 of pregnancy. During WEI, multiparous sows were isocalorically fed diets supplemented with 375 g/day dextrose plus 375 g/day corn starch (INS-H), with 172 g/day dextrose plus 172 g/day corn starch and 144 g/day animal fat (INS-L), or with 263 g/day animal fat (CON). Jugular vein catheters were inserted through the ear vein at 1.5 days before weaning to asses plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations. After estrus, all sows received a standard gestation diet until slaughter at days 42 to 43 of pregnancy. The dextrose plus starch-diets enhanced the postprandial insulin response in a dose-dependent manner (e.g. at day 2 insulin area under the curve was 4516 mU/444 min for CON, 8197 mU/444 min for INS-L and 10 894 mU/444 min for INS-H; s.e.m. 5 694; P , 0.001), but did not affect plasma IGF-1 concentrations during the first 3 days of WEI. Follicle development and subsequent luteal, fetal and placental development and uniformity were not affected by the dietary treatments, nor related to plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations during WEI. Pre-weaning plasma insulin and IGF-1 concentrations were negatively related to sow body condition loss during lactation, but were not related to subsequent reproduction characteristics. This study shows that dietary dextrose plus starch are effective in stimulating insulin secretion (both postprandial peak and long-term concentration), but not IGF-1 secretion during the first 3 days after weaning in multiparous sows. The extreme insulin-stimulating diets during WEI did, however, not improve follicle development, or subsequent development and uniformity of fetuses and placentas in these high-prolific sows (27.0 6 0.6 ovulations; 18.6 6 0.6 vital fetuses).

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Effects of fasting and refeeding on plasma concentrations of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, growth hormone and metabolites in swine

Cited by 16 publications

References 43 publications

Ghrelin secretion is more closely aligned to energy balance than with feeding behaviour in the grower pig

Ghrelin secretion is more closely aligned to energy balance than with feeding behaviour in the grower pig

Dose-dependent response of plasma ghrelin and growth hormone concentrations to bovine ghrelin in Holstein heifers

Insulin-stimulating diets during the weaning-to-estrus interval do not improve fetal and placental development and uniformity in high-prolific multiparous sows

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