Effects of fat-to-sugar ratio in excess dietary energy on lipid abnormalities: a 7-month prospective feeding study in adult cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract

BackgroundExcess energy intake contributes to metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between excess sugar and fat in their contributions to metabolic abnormalities remains to be further elucidated. Here we conducted a prospective feeding experiment to evaluate effects of dietary fat-to-sugar ratio on diet-induced metabolic abnormalities in adult cynomolgus monkeys.MethodsFour groups of adult cynomolgus monkeys were fed regular chow plus emulsion with combinations of high sugar (HS) or low sugar (HS) and low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) for 7 months. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and blood glucose were measured for all the four groups of animals during the experiment.ResultsPlasma levels of TC and LDL-C gradually increased in all 4 diets groups, with the highest increase found in the LSHF group compared to the other three groups (P = 0.0018 and P = 0.0005 respectively). HF induced increased fasting glucose (P = 0.0077) and HS induced higher TG (P = 0.0227) respectively. Intriguingly, HSHF led to dramatically smaller magnitude of increase in LDL-C and TC levels compared to LSHF, while such difference was absent between the LSLF and LSHF groups. Our findings thus indicate interactive effects of HS and HF on TC and LDL-C. In addition, HF exhibited stronger effects on lipid abnormalities than HS.ConclusionsIn the current study, our prospective feeding experiment in adult cynomolgus monkeys revealed effects of different fat-to-sugar ratios on diet-induced metabolic abnormalities. Furthermore, our findings suggest that not only excess dietary energy but also the balance of dietary fat-to-sugar ratio matters in diet-induced lipid abnormalities.

Blood pressure predictors of stroke in rural Chinese dwellers with hypertension: a large-scale prospective cohort study

“…At the same time, pregnant women, those having malignant tumors, severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, those unwilling to participate in the study were excluded. 6412 hypertensive patients were covered at the start of our study [24, 25]. All the eligible participants were invited to the following visits.…”

“…All the eligible participants were invited to the following visits. And the three follow-up visits as detailed previously [24]. The detailed inclusion process of participants is shown in Fig.…”

“…The project diagnostic team confirmed the new stroke events during follow-up visits and the final verification approved. Data classification and measurement on stroke as detailed previously [24].…”

“…Standardized measurement of BP values have been detailed in previous articles [24]. We defined hypertension as the take of anti-hypertensive medications in the last 2 weeks or DBP ≥90 mmHg or SBP ≥140 mmHg.…”

“…Information on other risk factors data (serum glucose, lipids, cholesterol) collection and measurement had been described in previously literature [23, 24, 26]. Professional physicians performed face-to-face interviews with patients to obtain lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, and BP medication).…”