Effects of feed on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in crib-biting horses

Hemmann, Karin; Koho, Ninna; Vainio, Outi; Raekallio, Marja

doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.06.002

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Confinement and some associated management practices such as feeding offered in portions, inappropriate stalls, and restriction or elimination of social coexistence favor the development of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors (Mason, 1991;Hemmann et al, 2013), which predispose animals to somatic and ethological disturbances (Broom, 2006). Therefore, confinement is considered a key factor within the epidemiology of abdominal syndrome in cases of gastric ulceration and small intestine entrapment in the epiploic foramen, and in other disorders (Cooper et al, 2000;Nicol et al, 2002;Archer and Proudman, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in urban police patrolling horses: A continuous 48-hour study

Zuluaga

Mira

Sánchez

et al. 2018

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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Frecuencia de comportamientos anormales y estereotipados en caballos de patrullaje policial urbano:Estudio de 48 horas continuas Frequência de comportamentos anormais e estereotipados em cavalos de patrulhamento policial urbano: Estudo de 48 horas contínuasAbstract Background: Abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in horses have been widely studied around the world and different epidemiological situations have been described for behavioral disturbances. Objective: To determine the frequency of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in a population of police patrolling horses. Additionally, to establish chronic stress levels in the population of interest. Methods: Twenty police horses were evaluated. The animals went through 48 hours of continuous observation to record the frequency of normal, abnormal, and stereotypic behaviors. Cortisol index (CI) was calculated for all the subjects. Results: A 65% of the horses expressed behavioral disturbances, with 55% corresponding to stereotypies. The abnormal behaviors consisted on wood chewing, pawing, and bed eating. Stereotypic behaviors were weaving, stall walking, and aerophagia (crib-biting or wind sucking). According to the CI, 13 horses were under chronic stress (CI<0.30). Conclusion: High level of chronic stress, expressed as abnormal and stereotypic behaviors, was observed in the horses. Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu 2018; 31(1):17-25Zuluaga AM et al. Behavior of police horses Resumen Antecedentes: Los comportamientos anormales y estereotipados en caballos han sido ampliamente estudiados en el mundo, así como también diversas situaciones epidemiológicas relacionadas con estos disturbios. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de los comportamientos anormales y estereotipados en una población de caballos de patrullaje de la policía y establecer su nivel de estrés crónico. Métodos: Se evaluaron 20 caballos. Los animales fueron observados durante 48 horas continuas para recopilar los comportamientos anormales y estereotipados. El índice del cortisol (CI) fue calculado para todos los animales. Resultados: El 65% de la población estudiada expresó disturbios del comportamiento, y el 55% de dichos disturbios se clasificó como estereotipias. Los comportamientos anormales observados consistieron en lignofagia, patear y comer cama. Los comportamientos estereotipados fueron balanceo, caminar en círculos y aerofagia. El CI mostró presencia de estrés crónico en 13 caballos (CI<0.30). Conclusión: Se encontró un alto porcentaje de estrés crónico en los caballos de la policía, expresado como comportamientos anormales y estereotipados.Palabras clave: bienestar, cortisol, equino, estrés, etograma. Resumo Antecedentes:Comportamentos anormais e estereotipados de cavalos têm sido amplamente estudados no mundo, assim como também diversas situações epidemiológicas relacionadas com estes distúrbios. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de comportamentos anormais e estereotipados em uma população de cavalos de patrulhamento da polícia e estabelecer seu nível de estresse crónico. Métodos: Foram avaliados 20 eq...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in urban police patrolling horses: A continuous 48-hour study

Zuluaga

Mira

Sánchez

et al. 2018

Rev Colomb Cienc Pecu

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“…The plasma ghrelin profile of crib biting horses is far from clear. For example, Hemmann et al, (2012), observed significantly higher mean plasma ghrelin concentration for crib-biting horses than the control horses, but in a follow up study, the same group (Hemmann et al, 2013) found that although plasma ghrelin concentration was significantly higher before feeding concentrate than before hay feeding or after the concentrate, there was no difference between crib-biting horses and controls. It may be, therefore, that plasma ghrelin concentrations reflect differences in husbandry/feed of the horses instead of being directly linked to crib biting.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential role for selenium in the pathophysiology of crib-biting behavior in horses

Omidi

Jafari

Nazifi

et al. 2018

Journal of Veterinary Behavior

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Crib-biting is repetitive and compulsive behavior that characterized by "grasping a fixed object with incisor teeth and aspirating air with an audible grunt". Little is known about etiology and pathophysiology of crib-biting behavior in horses. Previously we have shown that oxidative stress is linked to crib-biting, with crib biters showing lower antioxidant capacity than non-crib-biting horses. The aim of the present study was extend our understanding of oxidative stress in crib-biting to determine the serum contents of some mineral trace elements (manganese (Mn), magnesium (Mg), selenium (Se), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn)), and electrolytes (sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P)). Also, activity of enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP and GGT), some hormones (Ccortisol, ghrelin, β-endorphin and serotonin) and blood biochemistry values of various parameters were measured to evaluate their possible association with crib-biting behavior in horses. Blood samples were taken from all horses under the following conditions: basal conditions of crib biting horses, during or immediately after crib-biting periods, and from non-crib biting, healthy horses (control group). Serum Se concentration was significantly lower (P≤0.001) in crib biting horses than in controls, with the lowest levels seen during crib-biting behavior. Other measured parameters did not differ between acute crib biting horses and healthy controls. These observations suggest that alterations in serum Se, an important component of the antioxidant system, may play a role in the pathophysiology of crib-biting behavior in horses, adding further evidence to the theory that crib-biting may be related to increased oxidative stress and alterations in essential trace elements.

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“…Leptin informs the central nervous system not only about nutritional status but also about energy balance and it regulates appetite suppression and food intake (Buff et al, 2002;Meier and Gressner, 2004). Low plasma leptin level in horses is associated with some behavioural disorders, such as crib-biting (Hemmann et al, 2013), as well as with mortality in foals (Barsnick et al, 2011). High level of this adipokine was stated in horses predisposed to insulin resistance (Frank et al, 2006;Carter et al, 2009;Pleasant et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in plasma leptin concentration during different types of exercises performed by horses

Kędzierski

2014

Animal

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Leptin is a tissue-derivative adipokine that regulates appetite, food intake and energy expenditure. It is still not clear how exercise affects plasma leptin concentration in horses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of exercise intensity and duration on plasma leptin levels in working horses. A total of 38 horses were prospectively included in the study and grouped according to the type of exercise they performed: dressage (six stallions, group D), jumping (12 stallions, group J), race (12 Thoroughbred horses, six stallions and six mares, group R) and harness (10 light draft stallions, group H). Blood samples were taken both before and after routine exercise (immediately after the exercise, 30 min and 24 h after). Blood lactic acid (LA) and plasma concentration of leptin, cortisol, uric acid, triacylglycerols, glycerol and free fatty acids were determined. Immediately after exercise, group R had the highest level of LA, whereas groups D and J had the lowest levels. A significant increase in plasma leptin concentration was stated only in group H in samples taken immediately after the end of the exercise period and 30 min after the exercise period, as compared with the values obtained at rest. A significant increase in plasma cortisol concentration was found immediately after the end of the exercise period in groups R and H. Leptin exercise-to-rest ratio was significantly correlated with cortisol exercise-to-rest ratio (r = 0.64; P < 0.001). The increase in plasma leptin concentration in exercised horses was related to the increased plasma cortisol concentration and took place only during long-lasting exercise, which was not intensive.Keywords: cortisol, leptin, horse, exercise ImplicationsLeptin is an adipokine that regulates energetic metabolism, appetite and food intake in mammals. The effect of exercise on plasma leptin concentration in horses is still not clear. The results of the present study indicate that some kinds of exercise increase the plasma leptin level in horses. Better understanding of the regulation of leptin release during exercise could contribute towards improving the performance and state of health of exercising horses; it is thus clear that detailed knowledge of improving the performance of trained horses will have an economic importance. The data presented in this study have never been published elsewhere.

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Effects of feed on plasma leptin and ghrelin concentrations in crib-biting horses

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Frequency of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in urban police patrolling horses: A continuous 48-hour study

Frequency of abnormal and stereotypic behaviors in urban police patrolling horses: A continuous 48-hour study

Potential role for selenium in the pathophysiology of crib-biting behavior in horses

Changes in plasma leptin concentration during different types of exercises performed by horses

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