Effects of feeding frequency on feed leaching loss and grow-out patterns of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed under a diurnal feeding regime in pond enclosures

Medeiros

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

et al. 2012

This study characterized a number of the behaviors of Farfantepenaeus subtilis in response to the offer of feed at different times during a 24 h cycle. Shrimp were observed under laboratory conditions during 12 h light-12 h dark cycles, before and immediately after feeding. The behaviors recorded were: burrowing, substrate exploration, vertical exploration, ingestion, swimming, inactivity, and crawling. The frequencies of all these behaviors increased in the presence of food, independent of time or light phase. The consumption of feed was more frequent in the morning. The results showed that the rhythm of activity is influenced by the light-dark cycle and the availability of food. The results are different from those reported for other shrimp species and indicate the potential value of understanding the behavioral details of each species for optimizing their management.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of feeding in the shrimpFarfantepenaeus subtilisindicates the value of species level behavioral data for optimizing culture management

Medeiros

Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology

et al. 2012

“…High hydrostability does not necessarily indicate high performance. On the contrary, it may indicate greater hardness and difficulty to digest , Cerecer-Cota et al 2005, and leaching of crude protein and lipid in the feed exhibited a reduced trend with length of time immersed in water (Carvalho & Nunes 2006). In our study, Diet E1 had the highest hydrostability and the lowest digestibility of lipids and carbohydrates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Digestibilidad aparente de carbohidratos y lípidos en alimentos para camarón blanco, <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> (Decapoda: Penaeidae), cultivados en diferentes salinidades

Gucic

Cortés‐Jacinto

Civera‐Cerecedo

et al. 2013

RBT

Digestibilidad aparente de carbohidratos y lípidos en alimentos para camarón blanco, Litopenaeus vannamei (Decapoda: Penaeidae), cultivados en diferentes salinidades. Whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei is one of the most commercially farmed species worldwide because of its fast growth, good survival rate at high farming densities, and osmoregulatory capacity, which makes it an excellent candidate for cultures at different salinities. The knowledge of shrimp nutritional requirements is critical in the formulation of diets to allow optimal growth at different environmental conditions and development stages. The effect of salinity on apparent digestibility of shrimp feed is not well known, and this information is required in shrimp diet formulation. For this purpose, the apparent digestibility coefficients of carbohydrates (ACD) and lipids (ALD) were determined for juvenile whiteleg shrimps under controlled culture conditions. We evaluated the apparent digestibility of six commercial (D1:37CP, D2:38CP, D3:39CP, D4:34CP, D5:35CP, and D6:37CP) and two experimental (E1:33CP and E2:33CP) diets for juvenile whiteleg shrimp cultivated at three salinities (5, 35 and 50psu) in 60L aquariums. ACD and ALD were determined in vivo using chromic oxide as an inert marker. Our results showed that ALD in most cases was over 80%, independent of salinity, except the E1:33CPdiet which had 74.0% at 50psu. Diet D3:39CP showed the highest ALD coefficient (90.1 and 90.6% at 5 and 35psu, respectively). For ACD, differences were detected between commercial and experimental diets at every salinity level, although salinity effect on ACD was not significant. Diet D4:34CP had the highest coefficient (92.4%) at 5psu, and E2:33CP at 35 and 50psu (97.3 and 94.7%). This study demonstrated that there is no significant effect of saline variations on carbohydrate and lipid digestibility by juvenile whiteleg shrimp, under the experimental conditions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (3): 1201-1213. Epub 2013 September 01.Key words: diets, Litopenaeus vannamei, different salinities, digestibility.Feed is the main source of waste and responsible for most of the environmental impacts of aquaculture. The quantity and quality of the waste excreted by shrimp depend on ingestion, digestion, and metabolism of dietary compounds (Amirkolaie 2011). Valdez et al. (2008) reported that the highest energy from the food consumed by juvenile whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is obtained when they are maintained at 26 practical salinity units (psu). However, in areas with high evaporation rates, such as the coast of the States of Sonora and Sinaloa, Mexico (Martinez-Cordova et al. 2009), the levels of salinity are much higher and it could be of great interest to examine if the diets' performance is affected by that condition. Diets that fulfill nutritional requirements at the lowest cost and lowest impact to the environment become imperative; in that context, digestibility of the ingredients needs to be accurately determined (Cruz-Suarez et al. 2001, Campaña-Torre...

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

“…However, there was no interaction between feed level and feeding intervals (Table 2). Moreover, results found in the literature show the benefits of increasing the feeding frequency as uniform lots, better nutrients absorption, and lower leaching losses, therefore better performance (Wang et al, 1998;Zarate and Lovell, 1999;Carvalho and Nunes, 2006). When fish were fed 3% of live weight, feeding management promoted good results (Table 1), considering an average temperature of 25°C, with a feed conversion of 1.70 and 424g weight gain in 120 days of cultivation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Automatic feeders for Nile tilapia raised in cages: productive performance at high feeding frequencies and different rates

Oliveira

Argentim

Novelli

et al. 2016

The main goal of modern intensive fish farms should be to increase productivity at a low cost. The automation of fish feeding plays an important role in this scenario since it may improve feed efficiency and reduce organic waste emissions. The aim of this experiment was to provide basic information for the development of feeding techniques using automatic feeders. The experiment was done from September to December, with tilapia weighing 185g, fed 48 meals a day at 22 or 30 minute intervals, with feeding rates of 2, 3 and 4% of live weight. Eighteen 1m 3 net cages equipped with automatic feeders were distributed in one pond. During the experimental trial the mean values for dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature were 3.20mg/l, 8.03 and 25.43°C, respectively. The highest average weight of 683.73g was achieved for fish treated with 4% of live weight at 30 minute intervals between meals. There was no difference for viscero-somatic index, demonstrating no alteration in the final carcass quality. These results demonstrate that a higher feeding rate added to efficient feed management can be used at the final stages of raising Nile tilapia in cages without compromising final fish productive quality.