Effects of feeding high carbohydrate or fat diets. 2. Apparent digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy of the posthatch poult

Ka, Turner; Tj, Applegate; Ms, Lilburn

doi:10.1093/ps/78.11.1581

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The fatty acid absorption pattern was similar to a previous report in 2-, 4-and 8-week-old turkeys which indicated overall absorption of over 90% for maize oil and lard (Whitehead and Fisher, 1975). In contrast, it has been reported (Turner et al, 1999) that apparent overall lipid digestibility in diets containing 5 or 12% fat was 69 to 74% at 3 to 5 d and 72 to 76% at 9 to 11 d in poults. In that study digestibility of non-lipid DM was 50 to 70%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Functional development and intestinal absorption in the young poult

Sklan

Noy²

2003

British Poultry Science

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1. Absorption, secretion of digestive enzymes and intestinal morphology were determined in poults from hatching to 19 d. 2. Oleic acid was approximately 80% absorbed at hatch and this changed little with age and was not influenced by fasting. In contrast, glucose and methionine were 48 to 56% absorbed at hatch and this increased to 75 to 80% at 4 d; however, this increase in absorption was inhibited by fasting. Percentage absorption of protein did not change between 5 and 19 d, whereas absolute uptake of fat and protein and net secretion of digestive enzymes and fatty acids and N to the duodenum increased with age and body weight (BW). 3. The length and diameter and villus size in the small intestines increased rapidly after hatch whereas the number of villi per cross section did not change with age. Duodenum and ileum surface area reached a plateau after 11 d whereas jejunal surface area continued to increase until 19 d. Duodenal and ileal surface area were not related to BW, but jejunal surface area was significantly correlated. 4. While the major part of the absorption occurred in the duodenum and upper jejunum, uptake of both protein and fat increased in the distal segments of the small intestine with age. Overall absorption of both fat and protein was correlated with BW. 5. It appears that in the posthatch poult intestinal surface area is not a limiting factor in growth, which was correlated with digestive secretions, fat and protein uptake.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Functional development and intestinal absorption in the young poult

Sklan

Noy²

2003

British Poultry Science

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“…Dietary lipids play an important role in poultry nutrition. Dietary lipids enhance utilization of metabolizable energy and protein, and improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of other nutrients, such as essential fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and pigments (Turner, Applegate, & Lilburn, 1999;Vermeersch & Vanschoubroek, 1968). Adding oils or fats to the diets can reduce the stress responses of poultry and improve the growth of poultry under excessively high or low temperatures due to the "extra caloric" effect of supplemental dietary fat (Dale & Fuller, 1978, 1979Jensen, Schumaier, & Latshaw, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary inclusion levels of palm oil on growth performance, antioxidative status and serum cytokines of broiler chickens

Long

Hao

Bao

et al. 2019

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary palm oil inclusion levels on growth performance, serum antioxidative status and cytokines in Sanhuang broiler chickens. A total of 208 one‐day‐old female Sanhuang chickens were randomly allocated to four treatment groups with four replicates per group and of 13 birds each for a 42‐day feeding trial. Dietary treatments were basal diet without palm oil (control) and diets containing 2%, 4% or 6% palm oil. During days 22 to 42 and the overall experimental period, chickens fed diets supplemented with 4% and 6% palm oil had a lower average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.019) and feed to gain ratio (F/G) (p = 0.031). Average daily gain (ADG) tended to be higher (p = 0.089) for palm oil inclusion treatments compared with the control treatment from days 1 to 42. Dietary 2% and 4% palm oil treatments significantly lowed serum malondialdehyde concentration on day 21 when compared to the control and 6% palm oil treatments (p = 0.027). Dietary 6% palm oil treatment significantly reduced the catalase (CAT) activity (p = 0.018) and total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) (p = 0.027) in serum in comparison with the control treatment on day 21. No significant differences were observed in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) activities in serum among dietary treatments on day 21. There were no significant differences in T‐AOC, CAT, SOD and GSH‐Px activities among dietary treatments on day 42. Dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil significantly increased (p = 0.01) serum interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) content, but improved transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) content in serum on both days 21 and 42 (p = 0.032 and 0.022 respectively) as well as IL‐10 content on day 42 (p = 0.022) when compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, dietary inclusion of 6% palm oil significantly reduced tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) content on days 21 and 42 (p = 0.021 and 0.001 respectively) compared with the control treatment. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of 4% and 6% palm oil could improve the growth performance, modulate the balance between pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and show limited effect on antioxidative status in Sanhuang broiler chickens.

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“…These nutrients may be required as an energy source for intestinal recovery. Besides increasing tight junction permeability of mucosal tissue, MCFA by themselves may also function as an easily accessible energy supply for enterocytes and thus cell recovery due to their relatively high digestibility coefficient at hatch compared with other fats (0.86 for polyunsaturated fatty acids v. 0.61 for soybean oil; Noy and Sklan, 1995, Turner et al, 1999, Batal and Parsons, 2002. Hence, MCFA might have a beneficial effect in the intestine of delayed fed chickens only during a restoration phase, meaning that in direct fed chickens that do not need to restore their intestinal integrity, MCFA lack this beneficial effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed access after hatch and inclusion of fish oil and medium chain fatty acids in a pre-starter diet on broiler chicken growth performance and humoral immunity

Lamot

Klein

Linde

et al. 2016

animal

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Delayed feed and water access is known to impair growth performance of day old broiler chickens. Although effects of feed access on growth performance and immune function of broilers have been examined before, effects of dietary composition and its potential interaction with feed access are hardly investigated. This experiment aimed to determine whether moment of first feed and water access after hatch and pre-starter composition (0 to 7 days) affect growth rate and humoral immune function in broiler chickens. Direct fed chickens received feed and water directly after placement in the grow-out facility, whilst delayed fed chickens only after 48 h. Direct and delayed fed chickens received a control pre-starter diet, or a diet containing medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) or fish oil. At 21 days, chickens were immunized by injection of sheep red blood cells. The mortality rate depended on an interaction between feed access and pre-starter composition ( P = 0.014). Chickens with direct feed access fed the control pre-starter diet had a higher risk for mortality than chickens with delayed feed access fed the control pre-starter diet (16.4% v. 4.2%) whereas the other treatment groups were in-between. BW gain and feed intake till 25 days in direct fed chickens were higher compared with delayed fed chickens, whilst gain to feed ratio was lower. Within the direct fed chickens, the control prestarter diet resulted in the highest BW at 28 days and the MCFA pre-starter diet the lowest (Δ = 2.4%), whereas this was opposite for delayed fed chickens (Δ = 3.0%; P = 0.033). Provision of MCFA resulted in a 4.6% higher BW gain and a higher gain to feed ratio compared with other pre-starter diets, but only during the period it was provided (2 to 7 days). Minor treatment effects were found for humoral immune response by measuring immunoglobulins, agglutination titers, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and complement activity. Concluding, current inclusion levels of fish oil (5 g/kg) and MCFA (30 g/kg) in the pre-starter diet appear to have limited (carryover) effects on growth and development, as well as on humoral immune function.

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Effects of feeding high carbohydrate or fat diets. 2. Apparent digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy of the posthatch poult

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Functional development and intestinal absorption in the young poult

Functional development and intestinal absorption in the young poult

Effects of dietary inclusion levels of palm oil on growth performance, antioxidative status and serum cytokines of broiler chickens

Effects of feed access after hatch and inclusion of fish oil and medium chain fatty acids in a pre-starter diet on broiler chicken growth performance and humoral immunity

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