Effects of Feeding on Different Host Plants and Diets on Bradysia odoriphaga Population Parameters and Tolerance to Heat and Insecticides

Abstract

Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, the Chinese chive root maggot, is a devastating pest of agricultural plants causing significant losses in vegetable crops, edible mushrooms, and humus. To determine the effects of feeding on different host plants and diets on the life parameters of B. odoriphaga and its tolerance to stressful conditions, we analyzed the life-table data of B. odoriphaga reared on Chinese chive (Allium hookeri), Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum), garlic (Allium sativum), oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), and humus and assayed its tolerance to heat and insecticides. Furthermore, we assayed the physiological responses of B. odoriphaga reared on different hosts. Development from egg to adult was successfully completed on five hosts. Life table indicated that when reared on Chinese chive and oyster mushroom, B. odoriphaga showed better life parameters (shorter development time, higher survival rate, and fecundity) than on humus and garlic. However, B. odoriphaga larvae fed on humus and garlic better tolerated heat and insecticides than those that were fed Chinese chive and oyster mushroom; larvae survived longer at 38 and 40°C heat shock and at higher insecticide doses. Activities of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes varied significantly in larvae fed on different hosts. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, and carboxylesterase activities were higher in larva reared on garlic and humus than on Chinese chive and oyster mushroom. These findings indicated that B. odoriphaga preferred liliaceous vegetables and mushroom, and their tolerance against stress increased when reared on humus and garlic. Such basic information can promote targeted pest management in different agricultural fields and allow better understanding of the acclimatization strategy of B. odoriphaga.

Soybean aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) response to lambda‐cyhalothrin varies with its virulence status to aphid‐resistant soybean

“…For example, similar mechanisms against plant secondary compounds were observed for Bradysia odoriphaga larva reared on garlic and humus, leading to a higher tolerance to insecticides (e.g. phoxim and clothianidin) compared with other host plants . Furthermore, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae fed on a gossypol‐diet demonstrated higher tolerance to deltamethrin, associated with an increase in P450 activity within the midgut .…”

“…phoxim and clothianidin) compared with other host plants. 11 Furthermore, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae fed on a gossypol-diet demonstrated higher tolerance to deltamethrin, associated with an increase in P450 activity within the midgut. 7 The activities of esterases (EST) and P450 were also associated with development of resistance to deltamethrin in Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) fed gossypol.…”

“…Indeed, decreased susceptibility to insecticides has been observed in several pest species due to the effect of plant allelochemicals . Conversely, host plant resistance has also been reported to interfere with susceptibility of pest species to insecticides …”

“…[6][7][8] Conversely, host plant resistance has also been reported to interfere with susceptibility of pest species to insecticides. [9][10][11] Insects can be exposed to sublethal concentrations of insecticides in several situations within agro-ecosystems. Insecticide degradation by rainfall, temperature, and sunlight can lead to a reduction in concentration after initial application.…”

Exposure to herbicides reduces larval sensitivity to insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

“…Catalase, superoxide dismutase, GST, and CarE activities were higher in the fly Bradysia odoriphaga (Chinese chive root maggot) reared on garlic and humus than on other diets. Remarkably, B. odoriphaga larvae reared on garlic and humus were less susceptible to phoxim and clothianidin (Zhu et al ., ). Likewise, reduced λ ‐cyhalothrin susceptibility was observed for quercetin‐fed H. armigera larvae, suggesting that quercetin (a plant flavonol) may compromise the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides (Chen et al ., ).…”