Effects of ferromagnetic & carbon-fibre Z-Pins on the magnetic properties of composites

Effects of anisotropy and off‐axis angle on buckling behavior of carbon/epoxy Z‐pin under axial pressure

“…The bending stiffness D is defined as Equation ( 6), then Equation (B5) can be reduced to Equation (5), and Equation (B6) can be reduced to Equation (7).…”

“…The included Angle between the section and axis does not change, but the Z-pin axis deflection Angle θ and the section deflection Angle φ do. Since θ is equal to φ at this condition, combining Equation (7) and Equation (-C3), we can obtain:…”

“…Z-pin is a metal or composite rod inserted into prepreg along the thickness direction. 6,7 A better enhancement effect can be obtained when its material is consistent with the prepreg. 8 In the insertion process, the upper device moves down to drive the pin inserting into the lower prepreg, and the insertion resistance is proportional to the depth.…”

“…Z‐pinning is a well‐established technology for manufacturing three‐dimensional reinforced composite materials, 1 which can significantly improve the interlaminar toughness, 2 fatigue resistance, 3 and impact damage tolerance 4 ; and has high automation potential 5 and broad application prospects. Z‐pin is a metal or composite rod inserted into prepreg along the thickness direction 6,7 . A better enhancement effect can be obtained when its material is consistent with the prepreg 8 .…”

Sensing delamination in composites reinforced by ferromagnetic Z-pins via electromagnetic induction

“…Gu et al [18] demonstrated that the reinforcement effect of piezoelectric Z-pins can be in theory tailored by applying an external electrical load. It has also been proved that Z-pins can enhance the electrical [16,19], thermal [20,21] and magnetic [22] properties of composites.…”