Effects of fibroblasts Derived from the Olfactory Bulb and Nasal Olfactory Mucosa on Proliferation of Olfactory Ensheating Cells Harvested from the Olfactory Bulb

Yui, Sho; Ito, Daisuke; Fujita, Naoki; Nishimura, Ryohei

doi:10.1292/jvms.10-0244

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…It is also possible that combining OECs with other cell types may be beneficial in terms of functional outcomes. In the olfactory nerve fascicles, OECs and fibroblasts together form tunnel‐like structures through which bundles of axons extend (Li et al, ) and fibroblasts have been shown to promote the proliferation of OECs in the olfactory bulb (Yui et al, ). After transplantation into the injured corticospinal tract, OECs and fibroblasts in conjunction form a “bridge” that creates a path for regenerating axons (Li et al, ).…”

Section: Repairing Spinal Cord Injury By Transplanting Oecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crucial Roles for Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Olfactory Mucosal Cells in the Repair of Damaged Neural Tracts

Ekberg

John

2013

The Anatomical Record

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Olfactory ensheathing cells, the glial cells of the olfactory nervous system, exhibit unique growth-promoting and migratory properties that make them interesting candidates for cell therapies targeting neuronal injuries such as spinal cord injury. Transplantation of olfactory cells is feasible and safe in humans; however, functional outcomes are highly variable with some studies showing dramatic improvements and some no improvements at all. We propose that the reason for this is that the identity and purity of the cells is different in each individual study. We have shown that olfactory ensheathing cells are not a uniform cell population and that individual subpopulations of OECs are present in different regions of the olfactory nervous system, with strikingly different behaviors. Furthermore, the presence of fibroblasts and other cell types in the transplant can dramatically alter the behavior of the transplanted glial cells. Thus, a thorough characterization of the differences between olfactory ensheathing cell subpopulations and how the behavior of these cells is affected by the presence of other cell types is highly warranted. Anat Rec, 297:121-128, 2014. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: tissue engineering; stem cell; olfactory mucosal cells REPAIRING SPINAL CORD INJURY BY TRANSPLANTING OECSNeural injuries are almost always serious with lifechanging consequences. Injuries to the central nervous system (CNS) are particularly devastating as central neural tracts cannot regenerate themselves after injury. Therefore, many serious spinal cord injuries lead to permanent disability. The main problem arising after injury to the CNS is the fact that newly sprouting axons cannot find their target due to the presence of a glial scar, inflammatory mediators, inhibitory factors and reactive oxygen species (Hulsebosch, 2002;Jones et al., 2003). To date, there are no therapies that can address this problem, but one methodology that has shown encouraging results for spinal cord injury is to transplant glial cells, the supporting cells of the nervous system which are crucial for the survival of all types of neurons, and for extension of axons.Transplantation of the glial cells of the olfactory nervous system, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) has shown promise in both animals and humans with spinal cord injury. In humans, transplantation of OECs that

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Section: Repairing Spinal Cord Injury By Transplanting Oecsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crucial Roles for Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Olfactory Mucosal Cells in the Repair of Damaged Neural Tracts

Ekberg

John

2013

The Anatomical Record

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“…Examples include: (a) the source of the tissue: olfactory bulb (OB), (Li et al, 1997;Ram on-Cueto et al, 1998), olfactory mucosa or lamina propria (LP); (Au and Roskams, 2002;F eron et al, 1999), (b) the age of the donor [adult, neonatal, or fetal; (Barnett and Roskams, 2008;Huang et al, 2008)], (c) the time in tissue culture (Garcia-Escudero et al, 2010a;Llamusi et al, 2010;Novikova et al, 2010), (d) whether the OECs are purified [in most studies, e.g., (Barnett and Chang, 2004;Chuah and Au, 1993)], or used as mixed primary cultures (Deumens et al, 2006;Raisman and Li, 2007;Yui et al, 2011), or cell lines (Garcia-Escudero et al, 2010b), (e) the use of growth factors (Bianco et al, 2004;Pollock et al, 1999), (f) the species: apart from the rat, other OECs have been prepared from mouse , pig (Radtke et al, 2004), dog (Ito et al, 2006), monkey (Guest et al, 2008), and human (Barnett et al, 2000;F eron et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of bulbar and mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells using FACS and simultaneous antigenic bivariate cell cycle analysis

Kueh

Raisman

Liu

et al. 2011

Glia

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Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising route for CNS repair. There have, however, been major discrepancies between the results from different groups. Part of this can be attributed to variations in cell sources and culture protocols. Accurate estimation of the proportions of OECs and their associated fibroblasts (ONFs) and their evolution with time in culture is an essential baseline for establishing the reparative properties of transplants. In this study, we compare the evolution of cultures from the superficial layers of the olfactory bulb with tissue from the olfactory mucosa, both whole and split into lamina propria and epithelial layer. We used FACS based on p75 and Thy1 to provide a robust and objective numerical estimate of the numbers of OECs and ONFs, respectively in the cultures. A novel four color simultaneous antigenic bivariate cell cycle analysis shows that proliferation of OECs is time-limited, and is unable to prevent an overall loss of OECs with time. Overall, the numbers of OECs in the cultures were inversely correlated with the deposition of fibronectin (FN). Further, culture of the cells purified by flow cytometry shows that, whereas the Thy1 population is terminally differentiated, the p75 population from the mucosal samples generates subpopulations with different antigenic phenotypes, including the reappearance of a subpopulation of p75 cells expressing FN. Culturing epithelial samples at high density reveals an unexpected transient stem cell-like population of rapidly proliferating p75 positive cells.

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“…The studies reviewed indicate that the regenerative properties of OECs are enhanced when they are co-transplanted with fibroblasts which have been reported to facilitate a favorable environment by promoting axonal regeneration, remyelination, survival of OECs and functional recovery after SCI. Furthermore, olfactory fibroblasts in the transplant have been shown to provide important growth factors and a permissive substrate that stimulates the proliferation of OECs ( Yui et al, 2011 ). Looking at the trend in the data we were unable to infer a relationship between the ratio of OECs and fibroblasts in the transplant and outcome.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering the Cellular Composition of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplants for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review of the Literature

Miah

Ferretti

Choi

2021

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are specialized glia cells of the olfactory system that support the continual regeneration of olfactory neurons throughout adulthood. Owing to their pro-regenerative properties, OECs have been transplanted in animal models of spinal cord injuries (SCI) and trialed in clinical studies on SCI patients. Although these studies have provided convincing evidence to support the continued development of OEC transplantation as a treatment option for the repair of SCI, discrepancies in the reported outcome has shown that OEC transplantation requires further improvement. Much of the variability in the reparative potential of OEC transplants is due to the variations in the cell composition of transplants between studies. As a result, the optimal cell preparation is currently a subject of debate. Here we review, the characterization as well as the effect of the cell composition of olfactory cell transplantation on therapeutic outcome in SCI. Firstly, we summarize and review the cell composition of olfactory cell preparations across the different species studied prior to transplantation. Since the purity of cells in olfactory transplants might affect the study outcome we also examine the effect of the proportions of OECs and the different cell types identified in the transplant on neuroregeneration. Finally, we consider the effect of the yield of cells on neuroregeneration by assessing the cell dose of transplants on therapeutic outcome.

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Effects of fibroblasts Derived from the Olfactory Bulb and Nasal Olfactory Mucosa on Proliferation of Olfactory Ensheating Cells Harvested from the Olfactory Bulb

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Crucial Roles for Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Olfactory Mucosal Cells in the Repair of Damaged Neural Tracts

Crucial Roles for Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Olfactory Mucosal Cells in the Repair of Damaged Neural Tracts

Comparison of bulbar and mucosal olfactory ensheathing cells using FACS and simultaneous antigenic bivariate cell cycle analysis

Considering the Cellular Composition of Olfactory Ensheathing Cell Transplants for Spinal Cord Injury Repair: A Review of the Literature

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