Effects of film thickness on electrochemical properties of nanoscale polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films grown by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD)

Brathwaite, Katrina G.; Wyatt, Quinton K.; Atassi, Amalie; Gregory, Shawn A.; Throm, Eric; Stalla, David; Yee, Shannon K.; Losego, Mark D.; Young, Matthias J.

doi:10.1039/d3nr00708a

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…This unique structural difference allows SWCNTs to offer a more efficient pathway for electron transport compared to the more intricate structure of MWCNTs. In general, the variance in surface area per gram is noteworthy, with SWCNTs generally possessing a higher surface area per gram than MWCNTs, enhancing the interaction between SWCNTs and the polymer matrix, thereby contributing to an overall improvement in the conductivity of the composite [ 20 , 52 ]. Another contributing factor is the aspect ratio, where SWCNTs typically boast a higher length-to-diameter ratio than MWCNTs, facilitating a more effective percolation network within the polymer matrix and, consequently, enhancing electron transport and conductivity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor

Nasiri,

Tong,

Cho

et al. 2024

Materials

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In this study, we have improved the power factor of conductive polymer nanocomposites by combining layer-by-layer assembly with electrochemical deposition to produce flexible thermoelectric materials based on PEDOT/carbon nanotubes (CNTs)—films. To produce films based on CNTs and PEDOT, a dual approach has been employed: (i) the layer-by-layer method has been utilized for constructing the CNTs layer and (ii) electrochemical polymerization has been used in the synthesis of the conducting polymer. Moreover, the thermoelectric properties were optimized by controlling the experimental conditions including the number of deposition cycles and electropolymerizing time. The electrical characterization of the samples was carried out by measuring the Seebeck voltage produced under a small temperature difference and by measuring the electrical conductivity using the four-point probe method. The resulting values of the Seebeck coefficient S and σ were used to determine the power factor. The structural and morphological analyses of CNTs/PEDOT samples were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The best power factor achieved was 131.1 (μWm−1K−2), a competitive value comparable to some inorganic thermoelectric materials. Since the synthesis of the CNT/PEDOT layers is rather simple and the ingredients used are relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly, the proposed nanocomposites are a very interesting approach as an application for recycling heat waste.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor

Nasiri,

Tong,

Cho

et al. 2024

Materials

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“…[8] Simultaneously, the thickness of conductive polymer thin films for electrochemical applications must be sufficiently high to enhance the electrochemical charge capacity. [41] Additionally, the conducting polymer undergoes rapid volumetric changes (swelling/shrinking of the film) during the doping/de-doping process; therefore, the film thickness can be a crucial factor for optimal device performance and stability. [8,42] Generally, mass transfer through conducting polymer thin films depends on both thickness and scan rate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Capacitance of Carbon Cloth Electrodes via Highly Conformal PEDOT Coating Fabricated by the OCVD Method Utilizing SbCl₅ Oxidant

Heydari Gharahcheshmeh,

Chowdhury

2024

Adv Materials Inter

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Carbon cloth shows potential for flexible energy storage electrodes but encounters challenges such as low specific capacitance and limited wettability. This study addresses these limitations by fabricating a highly conformal coating of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) around 3D carbon fibers via the oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) method, employing antimony pentachloride (SbCl5) as the oxidant. The oCVD stands out as a robust manufacturing technique for fabricating highly conformal conducting polymer films on porous structures, ensuring the preservation of geometric features and the maintenance of active sites for redox reactions. The resulting PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth electrodes exhibit improved pseudocapacitance and specific capacitance compared to their pristine counterparts. Particularly, oCVD PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth fabricated at various deposition temperatures exhibit a substantial 1.5‐ to 2.3‐fold enhancement in specific capacitance compared to pristine carbon cloth. The highest specific capacitance (170.94 F g⁻¹) is attained in the oCVD PEDOT‐coated carbon cloth fabricated at a deposition temperature of 80 °C, representing a 2.3‐fold enhancement over its pristine counterpart. The PEDOT‐coated carbon cloths demonstrate lower charge transfer resistance compared to their pristine counterparts, further confirming their superior electrochemical performance. This investigation highlights oCVD's effectiveness in fabricating highly conformal PEDOT coating on carbon cloth electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices.

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“…PEDOT films were fit using three Lorentz oscillators [54][55][56] centered at 0.049, 3.1, and 4.2 eV. Here, Lorentz oscillators were used instead of the Cauchy model described previously for oMLD PEDOT [50] due to the shorter purge times (vide infra) which evidently produced PEDOT at a different state of charge compared to this prior work.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We employ oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) of poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) using sequential gas-phase precursor exposures of 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl 5 ) [47,48]. PEDOT formed by oMLD has been found in prior work to exhibit electrical conductivities in excess of 6000 S cm −1 [49], and electrochemical charge storage capacities in excess of up to 120 mAh g −1 [50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressible sponge electrodes by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) onto open-cell polyurethane sponges

Mehregan,

Stalla,

Luebbert

et al. 2023

Nanotechnology

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The formation of compressible porous sponge electrodes is appealing to overcome diffusion limitations in porous electrodes for applications including electrochemical energy storage, electrochemical water desalination, and electrocatalysis. Previous work has employed wet chemical synthesis to deliver conductive materials into porous polymer sponge supports, but these approaches struggle to produce functional electrodes due to (1) poor electrical connectivity of the conductive network and (2) mechanical rigidity of the foam after coating. In this work we employ oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) via sequential gas-phase exposures of 3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and molybdenum pentachloride (MoCl5) oxidant to imbibe polyurethane sponges with electrically-conductive and redox-active poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) coatings. We analyze the oMLD deposition on compressive polyurethane sponges and modify the reaction conditions to obtain mechanically compressible and electrically conductive sponge electrodes. We specifically identify the importance MoCl5 dose time to enhance the conductivity of the sponges and the importance of EDOT purge time to preserve the mechanical properties of the sponges. Controlling these variables produces an electrically conductive PEDOT network within the sponge support with reduced impact on the sponge’s mechanical properties, offering advantages over wet-chemical synthesis approaches. The compressible, conductive sponges we generate have the potential to be used as compressible electrodes for water desalination, energy storage, and electrocatalysis. 

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Effects of film thickness on electrochemical properties of nanoscale polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films grown by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD)

Abstract: Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has a high theoretical charge storage capacity, making it of interest for electrochemical applications including energy storage and water desalination. Nanoscale thin films of PEDOT are particularly...

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor

Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor

Enhancing Capacitance of Carbon Cloth Electrodes via Highly Conformal PEDOT Coating Fabricated by the OCVD Method Utilizing SbCl₅ Oxidant

Compressible sponge electrodes by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) onto open-cell polyurethane sponges

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Effects of film thickness on electrochemical properties of nanoscale polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) thin films grown by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD)

Abstract: Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) has a high theoretical charge storage capacity, making it of interest for electrochemical applications including energy storage and water desalination. Nanoscale thin films of PEDOT are particularly...

Cited by 6 publications

References 65 publications

Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor

Synthesis of PEDOT/CNTs Thermoelectric Thin Films with a High Power Factor

Enhancing Capacitance of Carbon Cloth Electrodes via Highly Conformal PEDOT Coating Fabricated by the OCVD Method Utilizing SbCl5 Oxidant

Compressible sponge electrodes by oxidative molecular layer deposition (oMLD) of polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) onto open-cell polyurethane sponges

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Enhancing Capacitance of Carbon Cloth Electrodes via Highly Conformal PEDOT Coating Fabricated by the OCVD Method Utilizing SbCl₅ Oxidant