Effects of fire management of southwestern natural resources

Krammes, J. S.

doi:10.2737/rm-gtr-191

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Fire has an important effect on ecosystem processes and functions in the forested mountain terrain of YNP and throughout much of the American West (e.g., Berg 1989, Krammes 1990, Brown et al 1995. In northeastern YNP, the decades prior to 1988 represent a period of relative quiescence as fires upstream of the study area were small (a few hundred hectares in total) and infrequent (Ͻ10 fire occurrences from 1930-1987).…”

Section: Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Cottonwoods, Elk, and Wolves in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park

Beschta

2003

Ecological Applications

107

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In September 2001, the diameter at breast height (dbh) of all cottonwood (Populus spp.) Ն5 cm in diameter was measured within a 9.5-km 2 section of the Lamar Valley (elevation ϳ2000 m), in northeastern Yellowstone National Park. A total of 700 trees were measured of which 71% were narrowleaf cottonwood (P. angustifolia) and 29% were black cottonwood (P. trichocarpa). Slightly more than half of the narrowleaf trees were growing on point bar landforms at three major meander bends of the Lamar River, with the remainder occurring in small groves spread across various floodplain surfaces within the valley. Almost all of the black cottonwood occurred on point bars at only two of the meander bend locations. Tree diameters for both species ranged mostly between 30 and 110 cm with a nearly total absence of cottonwoods between 5 and 29 cm in diameter. Age vs. diameter relationships were developed and used as a basis for estimating establishment dates for all narrowleaf cottonwoods. These relationships, in conjunction with the dbh data, indicated an absence of cottonwood recruitment (i.e., growth of seedlings/suckers into Ն5-cm diameters trees) over approximately the last 60 years. The paucity of cottonwood recruitment appears to have occurred independently of fire history, flow regimes, channel migrations, or factors affecting normal stand development, but over the same period of time that wolves (Canis lupus) had been extirpated from Yellowstone National Park. With the removal of this wide-ranging and keystone predator, elk (Cervus elaphus) populations were able to browse riparian plant communities unaffected by wolves.

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Section: Firementioning

confidence: 99%

Cottonwoods, Elk, and Wolves in the Lamar Valley of Yellowstone National Park

Beschta

2003

Ecological Applications

107

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“…There is no published information on the effects of either natural wildfires or prescribed fires on stream habitats and associated fisheries in the Southwest (Krammes 1990;Severson and Rinne 1990). The demand for recreational fishing in the Southwest (U.S. Forest Service Region 3, Arizona and New Mexico) is very high compared with national averages (Everest and Summers 1982).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management Briefs: Short-Term Effects of Wildfire on Fishes and Aquatic Macroinvertebrates in the Southwestern United States

Rinne

1996

North American Journal of Fisheries Management

100

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A brief (3‐year) study on three headwater streams in the Tonto National Forest, Arizona, documented the immediate effects of wildfire on fishes and their food supply. Hydrologic events following a 1990 wildfire in Arizona effectively extirpated two populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis and one population of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquatic macroinvertebrate densities in affected streams (1) declined to near zero within a month after the fire, (2) recovered to only 25–30% of prefire diversity in two of the streams 1 year later, and (3) continued to fluctuate postfire. Salmonid stocks reintroduced into two of the affected streams a year after the fire declined 75% within a year. The quality and quantity of hydrologic events interact after fires in southwestern landscapes and climatic regimes to markedly affect populations of fish and macroinvertebrates. Managers and researchers in the Southwest must be on the alert for field situations that provide an opportunity to cooperatively examine the long‐term effects of both wild and prescribed fires on fishes and on their food supply and habitat.

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“…The conference presenters also updated the state-of-knowledge on these subjects. A symposium held in 1988 (Krammes 1990) and a bibliography specifically prepared for this conference (DeBano and Ffolliott 1996) furnished a point-of-reference for this purpose.…”

Section: The Purpose Of This Conferencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prescribed fire has been widely used as a tool to manage fuel and vegetation on southwestern watersheds , Krammes 1990). Since the 1970s, prescribed fire has been used in an attempt to reveal and at the same time mimic what has occurred naturally in fire ecology for centuries (Covington and Moore 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%