Effects of fluoridation and disinfection agent combinations on lead leaching from leaded-brass parts

Maas, Richard P.; Patch, Steven C.; Christian, Anna-Marie; Coplan, Myron J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2007.06.006

Cited by 31 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Lead contamination of drinking water can occur if it is dislodged or dissolved from pipes, fittings and fixtures (Walker & Oliphant 1982), leached from PVC pipes with lead stabilisers (Packham 1971), leached from sub-quality brasses (Grosvenor et al 2005) or released from galvanic corrosion involving lead-soldered joints (Walker & Oliphant 1982;Maas et al 2007). However, on the basis of experience in the UK, the main source of lead in drinking water is lead piping (Hayes et al 2006(Hayes et al , 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily intake is highly variable: it is dependent on the length of time the water has stagnated in the pipe, the degree of flushing water through the tap before consumption and by the presence of fluoridation and disinfection agents (WHO 1996;Maas et al 2007). Infants and foetuses are the groups most susceptible to adverse health effects as they absorb 4 to 5 times more lead than adults and the biological half-life is thought to be considerably longer (WHO 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is there still a problem with lead in drinking water in the European Union?

Hayes

Skubala

2009

Journal of Water and Health

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The presence of lead in drinking water poses a range of risks to human health, including the retardation of some aspects of child development, the inducement of abortion, and other clinical disorders. The extent of these risks has not been quantified at the European Union (EU) scale.A number of sampling methods are in use across the EU, some of which are inadequate for determining the concentrations of lead in drinking water at consumers' taps. In consequence, non-compliance with the EU standards for lead in drinking water has been under-estimated.Emerging data indicates significant non-compliance with these standards in some countries, particularly with the 10 mg l 21 standard that will become a legal requirement in 2013; the current interim standard of 25 mg l 21 is also exceeded in some locations. An initial estimate is that 25% of domestic dwellings in the EU have a lead pipe, either as a connection to the water main, or as part of the internal plumbing, or both, potentially putting 120 million people at risk from lead in drinking water within the EU. These issues are relevant to the implementation of the Protocol on Water and Health and to drinking water safety planning.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there still a problem with lead in drinking water in the European Union?

Hayes

Skubala

2009

Journal of Water and Health

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“…This concern appears to be based on a single case study suggesting a relationship between fluoridation levels and blood lead concentrations, [31] and a study testing the release of lead from pipes with water containing fluoride at 2 mg/L in combination with chlorine, chloramine and/or ammonia. [32] The impact of fluoridation on lead biovailability was carefully analysed by Urbansky and Schock, [33] who found no evidence for adverse health impacts of fluoridation via effects on lead. They concluded that reports linking fluoridating agents with human lead exposure were "inconsistent with accepted scientific knowledge" and that the chemical assumptions were "scientifically unjustified."…”

Section: Fluoridation Compounds and Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water fluoridation: It really is this simple

2017

Br Dent J

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(RSNZ), and the Ministry of Health, to review the scientific evidence for and against the efficacy and safety of fluoridation of public water supplies. After discussion between the parties, it was agreed that the Office of the PMCSA and the RSNZ would establish a panel to undertake a review. This review would adhere strictly to the scientific issues of safety and efficacy (or otherwise), but take into account the various concerns that have been raised in the public domain about the science and safety of fluoride. It would not consider the ethical and philosophical issues that have surrounded fluoridation and influenced legal proceedings lately. The Prime Minister gave his consent for the Office of the PMCSA to be involved and funding was provided by Councils through your office and by the Ministry of Health.We are pleased to advise the report is being delivered on the timetable agreed. ProcessGiven this is inevitably an issue that arouses passions and argument, we summarise in some detail the process used.As this was the first formal scientific review conducted jointly between the Office of PMCSA and the Royal Society a memorandum of understanding for the process was developed and has been followed.The essence of the process was that the PMCSA appointed an experienced literature researcher to undertake the primary research and literature reviews. Following an initial scoping that included an extensive reading of the literature (informal, grey and peer reviewed) on the subject, a draft table of contents was agreed between the PMCSA and the President of the RSNZ. The RSNZ then appointed a panel of appropriate experts across the relevant disciplines that was approved by the PMCSA.A member of civil society with expertise in local body issues, Ms Kerry Prendergast, was invited to be an observer to the panel and to be included in the discussions and drafting to be sure that it met local body needs. The scientific writer then produced an early partial draft of the report that was presented to a meeting of the expert panel, and their input was sought both as to framing and interpretation of the literature. The panel paid particular attention to the claims that fluoride had adverse effects on brain development, on the risks of cancer, musculoskeletal and hormonal disorders -being the major areas where claims about potential harms have been made. Over the following weeks, the panel members joined in an iterative process with the scientific writer to develop the report. In its advanced form all the members of the panel, together with the PMCSA and the President of the RSNZ, agreed via email exchange on the final wording of the report and its executive summary. In this form it was sent out for international peer review by appropriate scientific experts in Australia, UK and Ireland. Following their suggestions (which were minor and did not affect the panel's conclusions), the report and executive summary were returned to the panel for comment. Findings and recommendationsThe report and its executive summary are very clear i...

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“…Pb a partir do encanamento e aumentando a absorção de Pb a partir da água (Maas et al, 2007). Isto é mais comum em residências mais antigas, já que nas mais modernas o encanamento de Pb tem sido substituído pelo de cobre (Masters & Coplan, 1999).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

“…A razão disto seria o fato de que a presença simultânea de cloreto e SiF favoreceria a corrosão, liberando Pb a partir do encanamento e aumentando a absorção de Pb a partir da água [Maas et al, 2007]. Isto é mais comum em residências mais antigas, já que nas mais modernas o encanamento de Pb tem sido substituído pelo encanamento de cobre.…”

Section: Lista De Figurasunclassified

Influência da administração concomitante de fluoreto através da água de beber no metabolismo e incorporação de chumbo em ratos: estudo dose-resposta

Barreta¹

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Effects of fluoridation and disinfection agent combinations on lead leaching from leaded-brass parts

Cited by 31 publications

References 24 publications

Is there still a problem with lead in drinking water in the European Union?

Is there still a problem with lead in drinking water in the European Union?

Water fluoridation: It really is this simple

Influência da administração concomitante de fluoreto através da água de beber no metabolismo e incorporação de chumbo em ratos: estudo dose-resposta

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