Effects of fluoride concentration and temperature of milk on caries lesion rehardening

Frequency of intake and amount of fluoride in milk for remineralisation of artificial caries on enamel and dentine: Ex vivo/in situ study

“…Recently, various mechanistic studies have attempted to contribute to a better understanding of the effect of fluoridated milk against caries, using in vitro and in situ models. These studies have evaluated different parameters, such as fluoride concentration in milk (Giacaman, Munoz, Ccahuana-Vasquez, Munoz-Sandoval, & Cury, 2012;Itthagarun et al, 2011;Lippert, Martinez-Mier, & Soto-Rojas, 2012;Lippert et al, 2014;Malinowski et al, 2012a;Malinowski, Duggal, Strafford, & Toumba, 2012b), temperature of milk (Lippert et al, 2012), volume of ingested milk (Lippert et al, 2014) and frequency of milk ingestion (Ongtenco et al, 2014) on the anticariogenic properties of fluoridated milk. In general, in vitro studies have reported that milk containing 2.5 ppm fluoride significantly increases enamel remineralisation and that increasing fluoride concentrations do not have an additive effect (Itthagarun et al, 2011;Malinowski et al, 2012b).…”

An in situ caries study on the interplay between fluoride dose and concentration in milk

“…3,4 Recent research has focused on determining if fluoride in milk follows a dose-response pattern and if an optimum fluoride concentration exists. However, results of laboratory [5][6][7] and in situ studies 8,9 into the anti-caries effects of different milk fluoride concentrations have been somewhat equivocal -benefits of fluoridated vs. non-fluoridated milk have been reported unanimously in vitro and in situ; although a clear fluoride dose-response relationship has yet to be established in situ. Likewise, there appears to be some disagreement with regards to an optimum fluoride concentration in milk as results obtained using a range of laboratory models led authors to different conclusions.…”

“…Likewise, there appears to be some disagreement with regards to an optimum fluoride concentration in milk as results obtained using a range of laboratory models led authors to different conclusions. [5][6][7] Furthermore, the cariostatic properties of fluoride do not only depend on dose but also on concentration. 10 While drawing parallels to conventional fluoride delivery vehicles, such as dentifrices and rinses, is not straightforward, especially considering their much higher fluoride concentrations in comparison to milk, a study on rinses demonstrated that, for a given fluoride dose, the main driving force for efficacy was fluoride concentration; i.e.…”