Effects of fly ash and bottom ash on the frictional behavior of composites

Malhotra, V. M.; Valimbe, P.S.; Wright, Marcia

doi:10.1016/s0016-2361(01)00126-0

Cited by 57 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Since fly ash particles are typically generated above 1000°C they can be expected to provide thermally stable bulk at elevated temperatures which is a highly desirable characteristic for friction materials. In addition the very high specific heat ($800 kJ/kg K) coupled with poor conductivity of fly ash particles could potentially facilitate the enhancement of friction material performance by imparting the capacity of excessive heat storage in the composite (that is generated at the brake-pad and rotor interface) without allowing it to flow to the metallic back plate, an event if occurs could not only damage the integrity of the pad by adversely affecting the bonding of the composite to the back plate but also could potentially heat-up the brake fluid causing erratic mechanical activation of the braking system as a whole [3][4][5]. The successful incorporation of fly ash or fly ash derivatives into friction material formulations could greatly reduce the cost of the friction material i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In one of the papers the effect of fly ash and bottom ash and sulfate rich scrubber sludge on the friction and wear properties has been reported by Malhotra et al [5]. The influence of fly ash and bottom ash on the friction performance of a base composite matrix consisting of phenolic resin, slag fibre and scrubber sludge has been relatively studied on a FAST (friction assessment and screening test) machine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of flyash-filled and aramid fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composites (PMC) for friction braking applications

Tomar²,

2009

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of flyash-filled and aramid fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composites (PMC) for friction braking applications

Tomar²,

2009

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“…2, we chose strips which reflected the variations observed for the stiffness of Murphysboro seam coal. We calculated the flexural strength (S) at the sample failure from [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used a loading rate of 500 mN/min. Additional procedural details can be found elsewhere [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the mechanical behavior of Illinois bituminous coals

West

Markevicius

Malhotra

et al. 2012

Fuel

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“…The rest of the FGD gypsum, i.e., about 2.71 million tons, is landfilled. In a pursuit to further expand the utilization of the FGD gypsum, additional value-added products are being developed, e.g., countertops, decorative tiles, and frictional materials [2][3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Report Details Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Value-Added Products From FGD Sulfite-Rich Scrubber Materials

Malhotra

2006

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Massive quantities of sulfite-rich flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber materials are produced every year in the USA. In fact, at present, the production of wet sulfite-rich scrubber cake outstrips the production of wet sulfate-rich scrubber cake by about 6 million tons per year. However, most of the utilization focus has centered on FGD gypsum. Therefore, we have recently initiated research on developing new strategies for the economical, but environmentallysound, utilization of sulfite-rich scrubber material.In this exploratory project (Phase I), we attempted to ascertain whether it is feasible to develop reconstituted wood replacement products from sulfite-rich scrubber material. In pursuit of this goal, we characterized two different wet sulfite-rich scrubber materials, obtained from two power plants burning Midwestern coal, for their suitability for the development of value-added products. The overall strategy adopted was to fabricate composites where the largest ingredient was scrubber material with additional crop materials as additives. Our results suggested that it may be feasible to develop composites with flexural strength as high as 40 MPa (5800 psi) without the addition of external polymers. We also attempted to develop load-bearing composites from scrubber material, natural fibers, and phenolic polymer. The polymer-to-solid ratio was limited to ≤ 0.4. The formulated composites showed flexural strengths as high as 73 MPa (10,585 psi). We plan to harness the research outcomes from Phase I to develop parameters required to upscale our value-added products in Phase II. Abstract------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Executive Summary---------------------------------------------------------- 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Disclaimer--------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Results and Discussion---------------------------------------------------10 Chemical analysis of scrubber materials---------------------------10 Thermal analysis of scrubber materials----------------------------11 Vibrational spectra of scrubber materials--------------------------12 Effects of natural fibrous material on composites--------------14 Effects of natural polymer and proteins---------------------------16 Effects of formation temperature and pressure-----------------24 Load bearing materials------------------------------------------------25 Summary and Conclusions--------------------------------------------30 References-------------------------------------------------------------------32 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn our pursuit to develop value-added wood substitute products from sulfite-rich FGD scrubber material, we collected samples of scrubber material from two different power plants. These power plants burned high-sulfur Midwestern bituminous coal and were fitted with wet FGD scrubbers. The scrubber samples had not undergone stabilization with fly ash and were in a wet cake form. The as-received, but air-dried, scrubber materials were subjected to c...

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Effects of fly ash and bottom ash on the frictional behavior of composites

Cited by 57 publications

References 6 publications

Evaluation of flyash-filled and aramid fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composites (PMC) for friction braking applications

Evaluation of flyash-filled and aramid fibre reinforced hybrid polymer matrix composites (PMC) for friction braking applications

Variations in the mechanical behavior of Illinois bituminous coals

Value-Added Products From FGD Sulfite-Rich Scrubber Materials

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