Effects of Foliar Surfactants on Host Plant Selection Behavior ofLiriomyza huidobrensis(Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Abstract

The pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is a highly polyphagous insect pest of global distribution. L. huidobrensis feeds and lays its eggs on leaf tissue and reduces crop marketability because of stippling and mining damage. In field insecticide trials, it was observed that stippling was reduced on plants treated with surfactant alone. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of surfactants on host selection behaviors of female L. huidobrensis and to assess the phytotoxicity of two common surfactants to test plants. The application of the surfactant Sylgard 309 to celery (Apium graveolens) caused a significant reduction in stippling rates. The application of Agral 90 to cucumber leaves (Cucumis sativus) resulted in changes to the amount of effort invested by females in specific host plant selection behaviors, as well as causing a significant reduction in the amount of stippling damage. The recommended dose of Sylgard 309 does not induce phytotoxicity on celery over a range of age classes nor does Agral 90 cause a phytotoxic effect in 35-d-old cucumber. Thus, reductions in observed stippling and changes to host selection behaviors were caused by an antixenotic effect of the surfactant on L. huidobrensis rather than a toxic effect of the surfactant on the plant. The presence of surfactant on an otherwise acceptable host plant seems to have masked host plant cues and prevented host plant recognition. Results indicate that surfactants may be used to reduce leafminer damage to vegetable crops, potentially reducing the use of insecticides.

Response of Workers to Polyoxyethylene Tridecyl Ether Surfactants in Relation to Hydrophilic-lipophilic Balance

“…For example, application of Agral 90 to cucumber leaves (Cucumis sativus) affect plant selection behaviors of the pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis [29]. The presence of surfactant on ant body and in the nest soil might interfere their chemical signals and prevent nestmate recognition.…”

Chlorantraniliprole impact on survival and progeny quality of the pupa of the parasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

“…This surfactant was also suggested to interfere with plant perception by Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), but it is unlikely to change or block insect olfactory chemoreceptors due to its low volatility (McKee et al . 2009), and it did not induce repellence on this insect (McKee et al . 2009).…”

“…2009), and it did not induce repellence on this insect (McKee et al . 2009). An insecticide adjuvant also did not increase the toxicity of three insecticides including chorantraniliprole against a natural enemy and pest species (Yang et al .…”

“…Here, chlorantraniliprole combined with surfactant was harmless to the parasitoid and progeny emergence suggesting its safety when used against D. hyalinata with lethality as the toxicological endpoint. This surfactant was also suggested to interfere with plant perception by Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae), but it is unlikely to change or block insect olfactory chemoreceptors due to its low volatility (McKee et al 2009), and it did not induce repellence on this insect (McKee et al 2009). An insecticide adjuvant also did not increase the toxicity of three insecticides including chorantraniliprole against a natural enemy and pest species (Yang et al 2014).…”