Effects of forage type and gibberellic acid on nitrate leaching losses

Woods, Roshean R.; Cameron, K. C.; Edwards, G. R.; Di, Hong J.; Clough, Tim J.

doi:10.1111/sum.12297

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There was no difference in the dry matter (DM) yield between urine-treated (Urine Actual, Urine 700) forages (PRWC, IRPWC). This is unlike in an earlier study where Italian ryegrass reduced N leaching losses but had lower herbage DM yield (Woods et al, 2016). Similarly, there was no difference in total N uptake between the IRPWC-Urine Actual and IRPWC-Urine 700 or PRWC-Urine Actual.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…The second being the lower in urine‐N loading from cows grazing the IRPWC which allowed for greater urine‐N uptake. Increased winter N uptake from Italian ryegrass has also been shown in an earlier related study (Woods et al., , ). Unlike in Woods et al.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Increased winter N uptake from Italian ryegrass has also been shown in an earlier related study (Woods et al, 2016(Woods et al, , 2017. Unlike in Woods et al (2017), the reduced 15 N recovered in leachate of the current study did not correspond to an increase in herbage uptake of 15 N applied with the urine for the Urine 700 treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Plantain's deeper roots also give it a competitive advantage over shallower rooted grasses for water and nutrients (Stewart, 1996). Since mixtures with plantain have previously been shown to reduce urine-N concentration (compared to perennial ryegrass-white clover), it is possible that combining plantain and Italian ryegrass in a forage mixture might result in further reductions in nitrate leaching than was seen for Italian ryegrass alone in Woods et al (2016), when compared with perennial ryegrass-white clover. This could help to reduce the impact that grazed agriculture has on the environment, especially water quality.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing nitrogen leaching losses in grazed dairy systems using an Italian ryegrass‐plantain‐white clover forage mix

Woods

Cameron

Edwards

et al. 2018

Grass and Forage Science

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In grazed agricultural systems, animal urine patches are the major source of nitrogen (N) leaching losses and can cause a decline in water quality. Urine‐N rates often exceed plant requirements, and there is a need for mitigation options to reduce the impact of agriculture on the environment. One approach is to use alternative forages to reduce urine‐N loading rates, or to increase N uptake. This study used lysimeters to determine the N leaching losses, dry matter yields and N uptake following ruminant urine application to an Italian ryegrass‐plantain‐white clover forage mix (IRPWC, Lolium multiflorum Lam.‐Plantago lanceolata L.‐Trifolium repens L.) or perennial ryegrass‐white clover (PRWC, Lolium perenne L.‐T. repens L.). Three urine treatments were applied: Control (no urine), Urine Actual (urine from cows grazing each of the forages: 508, and 664 kg N/ha, for IRPWC and PRWC, respectively) and Urine 700 (700 kg N/ha). Compared with PRWC (113 kg N/ha), N leaching losses were 88.9% lower from IRPWC‐Urine Actual (12.5 kg N/ha) and 45.5% lower from IRPWC‐Urine 700 (61.8 kg N/ha). These reductions were attributed partly to the IRPWC having higher cool season activity and ability to take up N during the cool period, and partly to the lower concentration of urine‐N, compared with PRWC. IRPWC is a promising alternative forage for future farm systems with the ability to reduce urine‐N excretion from grazing animals and cause large reductions in N leaching losses while producing the same herbage dry matter yields as PRWC.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing nitrogen leaching losses in grazed dairy systems using an Italian ryegrass‐plantain‐white clover forage mix

Woods

Cameron

Edwards

et al. 2018

Grass and Forage Science

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“…Italian ryegrass is likely to increase in popularity as a pasture species, as it is well suited for helping reduce NO 3 leaching as drainage (Malcolm et al, 2015; Woods et al, 2016; Bryant et al, 2018). However, the results from our study suggest that it may not be a suitable pasture species for grazing in Cd‐contaminated soil due to its high uptake of Cd under the tested conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Uptake by Ryegrass and Ryegrass–Clover Mixtures under Different Liming Rates

et al. 2018

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Cadmium accumulates in soils that receive repeated applications of Cd‐rich superphosphate fertilizers. There is evidence that adding clovers to a crop solubilizes soil Cd, increasing the bioavailability of Cd. This can lead to high plant Cd concentrations. This research aimed to test whether liming‐induced increases in pH in mixed crops of clovers and ryegrasses reduced forage Cd concentrations. A greenhouse pot trial applied lime at three rates (0, 1, and 2% of soil dry weight) to eight different plant treatments—four as monocultures (perennial ryegrass [Lolium perenne L.], Italian ryegrass [L. multiflorum Lam.], white clover [Trifolium repens L.], and red clover [T. pratense L.]) and four as ryegrass–clover mixtures (two plant types in each treatment)—in soil (initial soil pH = 5.1, initial soil Cd concentration = 1.31 mg kg−1) with added Cd (CdSO4 ∼ 1 mg kg−1). Adding lime increased soil pH in both mono‐ and mixed crops and, in most treatments, increased forage yields. However, the relationship between forage Cd and soil pH differed between plant treatments. In mono‐ and mixed crop treatments containing perennial ryegrass, adding lime increased the forage yield but did not increase the mass of Cd in the plants compared with the no‐lime treatment. However, adding lime to treatments that included Italian ryegrass increased both the forage yield and the Cd compared with the no‐lime treatment. The results show that a combination of certain plant species composition and lime rates can optimize forage yields without increasing forage Cd concentrations. Core Ideas Liming increased plant yield in all plant treatments. Liming decreased plant Cd uptake in mixed crops that included perennial ryegrass. Liming increased plant Cd uptake in mixed crops that included Italian ryegrass Managing Cd uptake requires the correct pairing of lime with both soil and pasture.

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